Diversity Research Audit Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diversity Audit - Research Paper Example In seeking to trace why Sodexo has experienced such a high level of diversity, the first article that will be mentioned within this brief literature review is entitled â€Å"Shifting the Diversity Climate†. As such, Ringold and Feinsten point to the ways in which Sodexo made a marked shift towards seeking to promote greater degrees of diversity in the hopes that it could boost their success. Realizing that it is not possible for a firm to be profitable and exist and thrive in a market that is itself increasingly diverse, Sodexo came to realize the means of capturing such a market was at least tangentially dependent upon the level of diversity they could represent. A similar approach is made with respect to Anand and Winters’ analysis that sought to integrate a further level of appreciation for the way in which Sodexo led the shift towards appreciating diversity and the impacts that it could bring as early as 1964. In allowing the reader to gain a level of oversight with regards to the historical development that the culture took, the article is useful in helping to formulate a historical approach to how and why the diversity came to be evidenced in the way it did within the modern era. ... By delineating a response to each of these questions, and by providing a thorough literature review, it is the hope of this author that the true measurement of what helps to separate Sodexo from other firms within the extant environment can be delineated. Moreover, it is the further hope of this student that through such an understanding, the appreciation and description of best practices with regards to promoting diversity can be engaged. Literature Review: In seeking to trace why Sodexo has experienced such a high level of diversity, the first article that will be mentioned within this brief literature review is entitled â€Å"Shifting the Diversity Climate† (Ringold & Feinstein, 2011). As such, Ringold and Feinsten point to the ways in which Sodexo made a marked shift towards seeking to promote greater degrees of diversity in the hopes that it could boost their success. Realizing that it is not possible for a firm to be profitable and exist and thrive in a market that is it self increasingly diverse, Sodexo came to realize the means of capturing such a market was at least tangentially dependent upon the level of diversity they could represent. A similar approach is made with respect to Anand and Winters’ (2008) analysis that sought to integrate a further level of appreciation for the way in which Sodexo led the shift towards appreciating diversity and the impacts that it could bring as early as 1964. In allowing the reader to gain a level of oversight with regards to the historical development that the culture took, the article is useful in helping to formulate a historical approach to how and why the diversity came to be evidenced in the way it did within the modern era. Thomas and

Investigating the Physiological Response of Anxiety Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Physiological Response of Anxiety Essay Investigating the physiological response of anxiety through general knowledge and math questionnaires, with a focus of inducing anxiety through music. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects associated with math anxiety, with a further aim to explore this in relation to tense music exposure. It was hypothesised that a maths questionnaire would produce a significantly higher anxiety response than a general knowledge questionnaire. It was also hypothesised that exposure to tense music would produce a significantly greater anxiety response than silence. Furthermore, it would be expected to observe a significant interaction between the music condition and question type. The results of a mixed subject’s factorial ANOVA revealed that participants’ heart rate was significantly higher when presented with the math questionnaire over the general knowledge questionnaire. The presence of tense music did not significantly influence the level of physiological arousal. The only conclusion drawn therefore is that math questions elicit greater physiological arousal than general knowledge questions. Anxiety, like fear, is an emotion. It is a normal and totally necessary biological survival mechanism which everybody experiences. It tells us that something is a threat to our survival and motivates us to confront or avoid that threat. (Simmons Daw, 1994). Fear can be distinguished from anxiety in that fear focuses on specific situations or objects and occurs in their proximity, whereas anxiety occurs in anticipation of such. The amount of anxiety we feel should be proportionate to the reality of the threat posed by the situation, however, sometimes this is not the case. It is important to realise that this biological response is in essence the same as that experienced by other animals. However, in humans who have the power of thought or conceptualisation, the ability to anticipate fear or anxiety itself becomes part of the cycle of anxiety and makes the problem more complex. (Simmons Daw, 1994) The concept of anxiety can be dated back as far as Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC). The basis of Aristotle’s philosophy was that for every trait: there is an excess, a deficiency and between the two, a mean the mean being the optimum or most desirable amount of the trait. For shame, he indicates that an excess of the trait would be shamelessness, the mean, modesty, and the deficiency being shyness. This can be related to anxiety in that someone who is shy can be said to be feeling too much anxiety whereas a shameless person therefore lacks a certain amount of anxiety. Aristotle’s aim was for one to be conscious of experiencing the optimum amount of anxiety given the situation or circumstance. (The Anxiety Support Network, Accessed 25/02/2012). Many people suffer from continual unrealistic, unfounded amounts of fear and anxiety. This is where anxiety and fear build up and exceed rational and beneficial levels, known as anxiety disorders. The most common anxiety disorder is that of simple phobias, estimated to affect one in ten (Barondes 1993; cited Wicken 2009). A more serious anxiety disorder is that of panic disorder. This can be characterized by the rapid onset of very apparent, overt physiological symptoms such as shortness of breath, irregularities in heartbeat and a variety of other autonomic symptoms. Somebody with a social anxiety disorder would be characterized by an excessive fear of being exposed to the scrutiny of other people, leading to avoidance of social situations. Furthermore, generalised anxiety disorder consumes one’s life with excessive anxiety and worry causing major disruption. (Carlson, 2010). Some people suffer from mathematics related anxiety. This has been characterized as an adverse emotional reaction to math or the prospect of doing math (Richardson Suinn, 1972; cited Micke et al 2011). Individuals with high maths anxiety tend to perform poorly when presented with mathematics stimuli (Cates Rhymer, 2003; cited Bai et al) One of the key cognitive mechanisms in math problem solving, and a significant area of research within the math cognition domain, is the utilization of the working memory system (Ashcraft Kirk, 2001; LeFevre, DeStafano, Coleman, Shanahan, 2005; cited Legg and Locker 2009). The anxiety response is controlled by the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system. The autonomic division operates mainly beyond our control, mostly below consciousness and can be entirely automatic responses. The autonomic division comprises two parts: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic system prepares us for action in the face of possible danger. This is commonly referred to and known as the ‘Fight-Flight’ reaction. Contrarily the parasympathetic system acts to redress the balance once the crisis has passed. (Simmons Daw, 1994). The way in which we are ‘prepared for action’ is by the release of neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla (Wickens 2009). This leads to an increase in heart rate and breathing as well as increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles. The limbic system of the brain contains a number of structures that contribute to emotional behaviour, one of which being the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system and emotional behaviour. This has been demonstrated by the work Philip Bard (1930, cited Wickens 2009) where lesions to the hypothalamus of cats eliminated rage whereas lesions to the cerebral cortex tended to provoke such. Another structure of the limbic system, the amygdala, has been shown to be particularly important in regulating aggression and fear. This was demonstrated by Kluver and Bucy in the late 1930’s (cited Wickens 2009) where rhesus monkeys displayed dramatically reduced fear and aggression following lesions to the amygdala. Conversely, electrical stimulation of this structure in humans evoked fear and aggression. Another constituent of the limbic system is the hippocampus. Although mainly concerned with memory, it has been shown to be of interest in the study of anxiety. A neurobiological model known as the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) was proposed by Grey (1982, cited Hoffman Kim 2006). This system proposes to be the basis of aversive motivational functions. ‘It is sensitive to conditioned aversive and extreme novel stimuli and is activated in response to punishment and cues of frustrative non-reward’ (Hoffman Kim 2006). Its underlying neural circuits are believed to play an important role in anticipating and assessing threats. Contrary to the BIS, the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) ‘underlies appetitive motivational functions and governs behaviours that are intended to maximise rewards and minimize punishment’ (Fowles 1980, cited Hoffman Kim 2006) Research by Gray into the effects anxiolytic drugs would have on an animals behavioural response to punishment lead to a belief that the BIS represented an anxiety system. Further, trait anxiety may be a temperamental marker for the BIS, potentially allowing the assumption that trait anxiety reflects individual differences in the reactivity of the system. Trait anxiety has been defined as ‘an individuals predisposition to respond’ (Spielberger, 1966, cited Hoffman Kim). This predisposition can affect the anxiety response in a number of situations such as physical danger, social evaluation and ambiguous or daily routines. State anxiety however has been defined as a transitory emotion characterized by physiological arousal and consciously perceived feelings of apprehension, dread and tension (Spielberger, 1966). Two facets of state anxiety have been proposed: cognitive worry and autonomic emotional. In 1983, Spielberger developed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) as a unidimensional psychometric assessment of anxiety. Endler et al (1991) however took a multidimensional approach to assessing both state and trait anxiety with the development of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales. It was proposed by Fowles in 1980 (cited Hoffman Kim) that electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate (HR) may be good physiological indicators of the BIS and the BAS. This was explored by Hoffman and Kim (2006). The prediction was that behavioural inhibition and trait anxiety would be associated with an increase in skin conductance level but not heart rate. From their results it was found that trait anxiety predicted skin conductance level, however behavioural inhibition did not. Neither of the two predicted heart rate reactivity. Therefore the conclusion was that skin conductance level is a better autonomic indicator of trait anxiety than heart rate. Music therapy is an alternative therapy that may improve patients’ health and well being (Guzzetta 1988; cited Nilsson 2009). The auditory perception of the music is located in the auditory centre in the temporal lobe, which sends signals to the thalamus, the mid brain, pons, amygdala, medulla and hypothalamus. The physiological effect of music is proposed to act via the hypothalamus and its regulation of adrenaline and other neuro-hormones (Myskaja Lindbaeck 2000; cited Nilsson 2009). Registrations through EEG have shown that music can decrease the bioelectrical activity in the brain from predominant beta waves to alpha and theta waves, which can have consequences for reduction of anxiety, tension and sleeplessness (Shawn 1999; cited Nilsson 2009). It is logical for one to assume that if music can have positive effects on physiology, then surely it can have negative effects too. The present study aimed to investigate the physiological effects associated with math anxiety, with a further aim to explore this in relation to tense music exposure. It was hypothesised that a maths questionnaire would produce a significantly higher anxiety response than a general knowledge questionnaire. It was also hypothesised that exposure to tense music would produce a significantly greater anxiety response than silence. Furthermore, it would be expected to observe a significant interaction between the music condition and question type. Method Design This study employed a 2 x 2 mixed subjects design. Question type was manipulated at 2 levels, being either math questions or general knowledge. All participants answered both questionnaires. Music was also manipulated at two levels. Participants were equally allocated between either the tense music condition or the control condition of silence. Participants’ heart rate was measured. Participants Sixteen undergraduate students from the University of Central Lancashire were used in the undertaking of this study. A method of opportunity sampling was employed during recruitment. No note of age or gender was made. Materials A twenty-six item math questionnaire (Appendix 1) and a twenty-six item general knowledge questionnaire (Appendix 2) were used as the foundation of the study. Each questionnaire was presented on a computer screen for thirty seconds, in which time the participants had to attempt as many questions as possible. The general knowledge questionnaire was presented first, followed by the math questions. A stopwatch was used to time the thirsty second period. For the tense music condition, computer speakers were used to play the thirty second tense music track. Each participant’s level of physiological arousal was monitored using a galvanic skin response-heart rate monitor, although this study only used the heart rate response element of the equipment. Procedure Participants who agreed to take part in the study were required to attend the School of Psychology at the University of Central Lancashire. Once there, they were individually taken to a lab room where they were asked to take a seat and read through a brief sheet in order to be aware of what was about to happen. The heart rate monitor which was connected to a laptop was then placed on the index finger of the participant. Once the participant was comfortable they were provided with a pen and plain sheet of paper and asked to remain calm for thirty seconds whilst a resting heart rate was recorded. After the thirty seconds had elapsed, the general knowledge questionnaire was presented and the participant had thirty seconds to answer as many questions as they could. They were notified at the end of the thirty second period. The math questionnaire was then presented following the same procedure as previous. For the eight participants who undertook the tense music condition, the procedure was the same, however, they were informed that once they began answering the questions, a 30 second music track would be played by the experimenter. The heart rate monitor recorded the heart rate (beats per minute) of each participant ten times per second. Upon completion of the study, participants were given a debrief sheet outlining the true aims of the experiment. Results The raw data collected consisted of the recorded heart rate response of each participant (Appendix 3). Heart rate was measured ten times per second for each of the thirty second periods – rest, general knowledge questionnaire and the math questionnaire. It was also noted whether the participant took part in the music or silence condition. The raw data was amended (Appendix 4) before being placed into SPSS statistical analysis software. This was done by calculating the mean average of the thirty second rest period and subtracting it from the calculated mean average of the thirty second period where the participant was answering questions. This was in order to discover the average heart rate increase. The full statistical output can be found in Appendix 5. The means and standard deviations of the average heart rate increase (BPM) for the general knowledge and math questions in relation to whether music was present or not were calculated using SPSS. Table 1: A table to show the means and standard deviations of the average heart rate increase (BPM) for the general knowledge and math questions in relation to whether music was present or not. It is clear from the results table above that there was very limited increase in the mean average heart rate between the music and silence conditions of both question types.. It can, however, be clearly observed that the mean heart rate increase for the maths questions is greater than that of the general knowledge questions. The standard deviations appear to show a moderate spread of scores. A Mixed-subjects factorial ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of question type [F (1,14) = 27.48, p .001, Eta2 = .66], with a higher average heart rate increase in the maths question over the general knowledge questions . There was a non-significant main effect of music [F (1,14) = .001, p = .972., Eta2 = .000]. The interaction between question type and music was non-significant [F (1,14) = .386, p = .545, Eta2 = .027]. Due to the lack of a significant interaction effect it was not necessary to conduct post-hoc tests. Discussion The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects associated with math anxiety, with a further aim to explore this in relation to tense music exposure. Sixteen participants had their heart rate continually monitored whilst answering a math questionnaire and a general knowledge questionnaire. Half of the participants undertook the questionnaires whilst being exposed to tension provoking music. The results of a mixed subjects factorial ANOVA revealed that participants heart rate was significantly higher when presented with the math questionnaire over the general knowledge questionnaire. The presence of tense music did not significantly influence the level of physiological arousal. The hypothesis that a maths questionnaire would produce significantly more anxiety than a general knowledge questionnaire was fully met during the course of this investigation. The hypothesis that exposure to tense music would produce significantly more anxiety than silence was not validated by the results of this study. Furthermore, the hypothesis that there would be a significant interaction between the music condition and question type was not substantiated by the results of this study. The significant result discovered in this study coincides relatively well with previous research into maths anxiety. Previous research has shown that individuals with high maths anxiety tend to perform poorly when presented with mathematics stimuli (Cates Rhymer, 2003; cited Bai et al). It is necessary to note however that the participants used within the present study were not subjected to prior assessment of math anxiety. Therefore, a distinction between a mathematical anxiety predisposition and poor performance cannot be made, taking into account also that scores from the mathematical questionnaire were not used at any point in this study. It should only be inferred from the results of this study that math questions elicit greater physiological arousal than general knowledge questions. This therefore, in part, relates well to Richardson Suinn’s 1972 characterization of math anxiety as an adverse emotional reaction to math or the prospect of doing math. It has been demonstrated by the work of Ashcraft et al in 2001 that the working memory system is a significant area of research within the math domain. The working memory system is of course directly relatable to the hippocampus. The Behavioural Inhibition System proposed by Gray has been shown to be directly related to the hippocampus and in turn, anxiety. Previous research into the effect music has on ones physiology has conclusively proven music can aid relaxation. This was clearly demonstrated by the work of Shawn (1999) where it was shown that music can decrease the bioelectrical activity in the brain from predominant beta waves to alpha and theta waves, having consequences of reducing anxiety, tension and sleeplessness. Research in this area, for obvious reasons, has directed its attention towards investigating the relaxing properties music can have. It was the intention of this study however to investigate the contrary. It may be necessary here to discuss the relationship between the biological mechanisms activated when listening to music, and those activated when one feels anxiety. Clear similarities can be observed between the two. It can be noted from the work of Myskaja Lindbaeck in 2000 that the physiological effect music has is proposed to act via the hypothalamus and its regulation of adrenaline and other neuro-hormones. This is distinctly similar to the action of the sympathetic system of the peripheral nervous system, in that, adrenaline amongst other neurotransmitters are released from the adrenal medulla. Music acts upon many of the same structures in the brain that have been found to have links with emotional regulation. The hypothalamus and amygdala being key examples. Within this study there were several methodological issues that have to be taken into consideration. First and foremost the method used to obtain data. This was done using only a heart rate monitor. It was demonstrated by Fowles in 1980 that skin conductance level is clearly a better indictor of anxiety. Therefore any further research into this area should use this method of data collection also. It may be wise to include a third level to the music variable in any further research. The third level should most definitely be a relaxing music condition in order to observe any oppositional results. Judging by previous research it would be expected that a significant reduction in math anxiety would be observed in participants who were exposed relaxing music. The tense music played to participants in the present study was administered at the same time the participant commenced attempting the questionnaire. This leads to difficulty in making a distinction between the tense music being the cause of increased physiological arousal, or whether it was the questionnaire alone as the cause. A possible solution to this could be to expose the participants to music prior to the undertaking of the questionnaire. In conclusion, it can be implied that anybody who suffers from anxiety in any form is likely to find soothing music a useful remedy, given the biological mechanisms involved. It can be inferred here therefore that a person who listens to genres of music such as heavy rock and metal, would most probably benefit from incorporating more harmonious music into their lives, however this theory was not upheld by the results of this. Further research in this area could focus on this. References Bai, H., Wang, L., Pan, W., Frey, M. (undated) Measuring Mathematics Anxiety: Psychometric Analysis of a Bidimensional Affective Scale. Journal of Instructional Psychology 36(3): 185 – 193 Carlson, N. R. (2010) Physiology of Behaviour. 10th edition. Pearson: Allyn Bacon den Boer J. A., Sitsen, J. M. (1994). Handbook of depression and anxiety. A biological approach. New York: Marcel Dekker Endler, N.S., Kocovki, N.L. (2001) State and trait anxiety revisited. Journal of anxiety disorders 15(3): 231-245 Legg, A. M., Locker, L. Jr. (2009). Math performance and its relationship to math anxiety and metacognition. North American Journal of Psychology 11 (3): 471-486 Micke, A. M., Mateo, J., Kozak, M. N., Foster, K., Beilock, S. L. (2011). Choke or thrive? The relationship between salivary cortisol and math performance depends on individual differences in working memory and math anxiety. American Psychological Association 11(4): 1000 – 1005 Nilsson, U. (2009) Music and Health; How to use music in surgical care. International Academy for Design and Health. 103 – 109 Simmons, M., Daw, P. (1994). Stress, Anxiety, Depression. A practical workbook. Oxon: Winslow Press Wickens, A. (2004) Introduction to Biopsychology. Pearson: Prentice Hall http://www.anxietysupportnetwork.com/articles/aristotle_anxiety.php Aristotle’s View of Anxiety. Accessed 25/02/2012

Strategies For Planning Domestic And International Tourism Tourism Essay

Strategies For Planning Domestic And International Tourism Tourism Essay Tourism plays a vital role in economic development between countries. Tourism is the second largest source of foreign exchange in India. The tourism industry employs a large number of people, both skilled and unskilled. It promotes national integration and international brotherhood. India has fascinated people around the world with its secular and its culture. There are historical monuments, beaches, places of religious centers, hill, etc. that attract tourists. Each region is identified with his craft fairs, dances, music and people. The ministries of tourism, promotion of international and domestic tourism in the country. Tourism Advisory Council recommends measures to promote tourist traffic to India. Indian tourism is affected by terrorism, circuits and pollution. Sincere efforts could contribute to further develop the tourism industry of India. Tourism is one of the most dynamic industries in the world. It plays a vital role in economic development between countries. India is one of the popular tourist destinations in Asia. Bounded by the Himalayan ranges in the north and surrounded on three sides by water (the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean), India offers a wide range of places to visit and things to do. The enchanting backwaters, hill stations and landscapes make India a great country. The historical monuments, forts, etc. add to the greatness of the country. They attract tourists from around the world. Tourism is the second largest source of foreign exchange in India. The tourism industry employs a large number of people, both skilled and unskilled. Hostels, travel agencies, transportation, including airlines have a lot of this industry. Tourism promotes national integration and international understanding. It generates foreign exchange. It encourages cultural activities. The tourism sector also promotes traditional crafts. Tourists get a glimpse of rich cultural heritage and diverse India. India has a composite culture. There is a harmonious blend of art, religion and philosophy. The thought of India has suffered a serious invasion; it has retained its originality even after absorbing the best of outside influences. Religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Zoroastrianism, etc. co-existed in India. India has fascinated people around the world with its secular and its culture. The various geographical locations of India have the pleasure of tourists. The monuments, museums, forts, shrines, places of religious interest, palaces, etc. offer a feast for the eyes. Each region is identified by its craft fairs, dances, music and people. Some places that attract many tourists Agr, Jaipur, Jhansi, Hyderabad, Nalanda, Mysore, Delhi, Mahabaleshwar, Aurangabad etc. Haridwar, Ujjain, Shirdi, Varanasi, Allahabad, Puri, Ajmer, Amritsar, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Rameshwaram etc. are places of religious importance. Srinagar, Kullu, Manali, Dehradun, Nainital, Darjeeling, Ooty, etc. are famous hill resorts. The Ministry of Tourism has been formed to promote international and domestic tourism in the country. It provides the infrastructure and implements advertising campaigns. It provides information on the promotion of tourist sites in the world market. The ITO develops policies and programs to promote tourism in India. It has agents in India and abroad. The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Administration, the National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology, etc. provide staff with training in the industry. Tourism Advisory Council recommends measures to promote tourist traffic to India. It examines tourism trends and proposes appropriate action. Some places, castles and havelis have been converted into heritage hotels. In these hotels, visitors can gain experience of the exotic lifestyle of the bygone era. The exotic palace trains on the wheel, traveling through Rajasthan attracts many foreign tourists. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) organizes entertainment programs such as dances and folk songs, and sales facilities. Today, many private companies like Sita Travels, Club Mahindra etc. and organize domestic tours abroad. With the growth of the urban middle class professional, tourism in India is booming and many states have taken steps to promote tourism. Goa promotes water sports such as sailing, diving and rafting. Kashmir offers the pleasure of winter sports like skiing and mountaineering. Kerala has introduced the concept of craft in its lagoons. Himachal Pradesh has developed winter sports in the state. In 2005, The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) has started a campaign called Incredible India to promote tourism in India. For better growth, the Ministry of locations spread across different sections such as spiritual tourism, health tourism, ecotourism and adventure . Things have now started to look bright for the tourism industry of India. However, the Indian tourism industry has been affected by pollution. Effluents emitted by the Mathura refinery led to the decolonization of the Taj Mahal in Agra. The conditions of many of our monuments are deteriorating due to the negligence of the authorities concerned. On the other hand, the beaches have become garbage dumps and waste left by tourists. This problem should be properly monitored. Terrorism is now a global problem. Our country is not an exception. Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, the Maoist attacks in West Bengal and Bihar, the Bodo agitation in the hilly areas north0eastern greatly affect tourism in our country. Kashmir is the paradise for national and international tourists. Terrorism in this valley not only affects the lives of ordinary people but also tourism, which is very important for the state economy. Measures must be taken by the state government and the central government to prevent this threat. The tourism infrastructure in India would be strengthened. Airports and railway stations should provide information to tourists on the tourist destination. Government-owned hotels should be properly managed. The government should also take steps to maintain the tourist destination. Measures should be taken to restore the former splendor of the monuments. Sincere efforts could contribute to further develop the tourism industry of India. Medical tourism: Today, India is emerging as a favorite spot treatment medal. Our country has experienced remarkable growth in the service of the hospital and well-qualified doctors who not only attracted the patient population of neighboring counties, but also the Middle East and the West. As the concept of medical tourism continues to grow in India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, with assistance from the Department of Tourism, takes many initiatives to maintain international standards in medical facilities. With some of the best hospitals in the world, Delhi is competing with foreign countries. Although there are countries where critical patients May have to wait for months. But in Delhi, any type of treatment is available promptly. The cost of treatment is significantly lower than those of developed countries. Besides nursing personalized, location is superb Delhi to rejuvenate. Our country also includes the traditional concepts of Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy with complementary therapies like yoga, acupuncture and Aroma therapy progress of the healing process. Tour operators are now offering attractive in collaboration with hospitals in the city for vacation in perfect health. Thus the land of Nirvana is the best place for medical treatment (Prof. R.S. Dhillon ,www.rajputbrotherhood.com ). Tourism has been changed to an important social activity in our time. It is indeed a response to the natural need of human curiosity. Tourism, an important human phenomenon is considered in terms of political, social and geographical. Regarding the importance of tourism and tourists in the social destiny, economic countries to recognize and determine the identities of the tourists and also to define the various statistics, many definitions submitted by organizations and international experts. Regarding closed their concepts, it is noted that thousands of people are represented or not recognized as a tourist with a definition. To have a procedure to correct unit through statistics that has an important role in analyzing the issue of tourism and also to plan in tourism, with a perfect definition is considerably more important. (www.epubl.luth.se) Future outlook of the tourism industry: There are three views of future prospects of the tourism industry in the first view of the fundamental changes and are based in the priority as the development of communications with foreign and international d other countries, which stays close to the quality standards, control of health services, improved educational attainment of new transmission and applying more powers of man. In the third point of view of an ideal scenario were designed. By this point of view we have a problem in international communication and having a good starting point, we can see a growth of about 15%. Limitations and problems of tourism development: development of tourism in this province is facing obstacles. Some of these barriers are due to UN Development and moreover it is linked to cultural and social situations that provide the infrastructure for tourism development. Economic factors such as lack of investment, lack of equipment to skilled labor and services are the fundamental obstacles for tourism development (Pender, L. 1999). The assumption that all tourists have a negative impact and harmful to society and culture, has negative effects on thought and traditions of society and this idea has been evaluated by a psychologist, a sociologist and expert. It is confirmed that the economy with a single product will be very low production and use. It will cause a lack of success in selling domestic products to foreign markets. Export promotion as tourism development needs of cultural, social and economic. Meanwhile, lack of equipment and services will impact on many UN Development. In Eastern countries, the social and mental problems can be solved and solutions to economic barriers need more time. Economical barriers to tourism development are the same obstacles to economic development in the country. Problems of privatization, the limits of the funds market, lack of marketing strategies and export some of the problems of tourism development. Economic stability is the sub-category of political and social stabilit y (Parsaiyan, A. and S.M Aarabi, 2003). One of the main equipment and key in planning studies in all economic, social and cultural have an important role in statistics and information. The political instability of Tourism: Tourism has been drawn as very important economic factor effective in recent years. Transport problems: Ways condition is one factor in the effective development of tourism in each region. Thus, investment is very important and necessary. Lack of publicity and problems Official: Due to the lack of publicity, tourists are not informed on the major tourist attractions. Display advertising and broach, multilingual tour guide, books and CDs, Web sites can help develop tourism effectively. The problems and shortages of hotels, motels, tourist facilities in the province: Lack of cheap hotels that causes a lot of tourists is a very brief stay in India. This problem also causes the dissatisfaction of tourists. Unfamiliarity with the tourism industry: the negative assumptions of certain people and government managers, lack of training and an appropriate public announcement are some of the problems of tourism. (Lavasani, A., 1985). Shortage of skilled manpower: Shortage of skilled workforce in the government and private sectors is one of the major problems of tourism. Most people who work these jobs are not trained or specialty is not related to employment. Lack of knowledge on cultural heritage, handicrafts, traditions and attractions on tourism in the province of India is not developed and there is only little material around them. These zones are not ready to receive tourists, and because not to participate in tourism markets, they lack the opportunities to advertise on their cultural, historical, religious, and attractions crafts in other countries. Obstacles tourism and major problems: the problem of tourism and the obstacles of India province: No short-term and long term tourism master plan ,low investment in tourism projects , existence of a decision taken by several organizations ,lack of division between private and governmental duties of , lack of consideration to rebuild the tourist attractions of the province of India ,no advertising tourist attractions ,Lack of new techniques for advertising as Web sites, online booking ,lack of training for the workforce in the tourism industry ,lack of enforcement and regulations supportive of 10 lack of equipment and facilities ,no tourist services quality ,negative case on the tourism industry ,lack of consideration of the needs of tourists ,lack of publicity for local people on the importance of tourism ,existence many problems for the $ 16 insufficient consideration to sources present, tourism attractions and local and national tourism development tourist attraction in the provinc e of India has attracted local tourists and many countries. Tourism needs development, development of domestic tourism, planning and implementation of advertising programs designed to motivate travel in Indian and international tourists. This implementation will lead to the development of domestic tourism and pave the way for the participation of local investment in tourism projects (Lee, J. 1999). Development of religious tourism: it is best to attract foreign tourists from Muslim countries as we have many cultural similarities and there are lots of interests between religion and neighboring countries and the Persian Gulf. As religious tourism, and the Holy Temple and the mosque has a large role in the development of tourism. Marketing in the tourism destination country according to national standards tourism master plan for India: If the government wants to advertise tourist attractions in different markets, they must invest a lot of money on the spread, and could not be considered profitable by the ideas of some managers. It is preferable to invest in the country of destination tourism as cultural relations and similarities nation. To find new tourism markets, the interests of the nation show examined and studied and depending on the outcome of the options should be selected. Considering the tourism industry as an effective if the decision does not consider tourism as an important industry, if this product like other sectors will have the production areas of distribution, marketing and consumption. Marketing must invest and advertising attractions, culture and civilization. It should be considered as tourism in this destination for which a group of people has been designed, because there is a direct rel ationship between motivation and income. Develop communication with international tourism organizations and participate in conferences and specialized these days, seminars entering the international market require direct cooperation with the international network markets. Therefore, the government and the private tourism sector should be close cooperation with international organizations. To develop tourism, people working in state and private sectors must participate in specialized conferences and seminars to further their knowledge (Mahalati, S. 2001). People and local associations should be familiar with the tourism industry, and they must know the personal benefits and national tourism, and when they are informed, they will preserve the sights and they contribute to tourism development. Tourism is an industry that does not belong to a group or part of the city. Total, cooperation of people is necessary, and many general managers, companies and organizations engaged in tourism, directly or indirectly, if the tourism organization should inform the participation activity. The training of persons working in the tourism industry (hotels, motels ) manpower training is necessary because every tourist has his own interest, so people working in hotels, restaurants, rest areas tourism must learn their training. They should behave politely with tourism, because the good behavior of people working in the tourism section is very effective for the satisfaction of tourists. Training of skilled manpower, specialized training and educated workforce can promote tourism and an expert can properly investigate and find weaknesses in tourism services. Strategies to give value to religious, cultural, historical and ecotourism attractions for tourism development Increase the length of stay of touristà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s strategy to provide value is to suggest ways and new solutions to increase the length of stay of tourists. It must be studied on ways to make travel more diverse tourists and make it more interesting for them, because tourism is not only visit the tourist attractions and return to the hotel. Give the variety of tourism activities and the proliferation of sources of tourism will bring tourists back to this destination. Retrieve and create tourist attractions using the capabilities of tourism potential and equipment properly, and the creation of new tourism areas will pave the way for the visiting tourists. Attractions should be kept well to receive tourists for years. (Mak, J. 2004)

Understanding Black Holes Essay -- Astronomy, research papers

Throughout the modern era of astronomy, a single type of celestial object has puzzled astronomers more than any other. Black holes, whose existence was only verified in the early 1990’s, have fascinated scientists ever since Einstein first proposed the theoretical concept in the 1930’s. A black hole is an object so tiny, but also so dense, that it has the power to pull planets, stars, and even light into its core, and ultimately destroy everything in its path. Over the past decade much has been discovered about these enigmas of space and time; however, many of these recent discoveries lead to more unanswered questions. Nevertheless, the basic life cycle of a black hole is now understood in ways thought to be impossible only twenty years ago. In order to begin to grasp the destructive force of a black hole, one must first understand its creation. Oddly enough, a black hole can only be formed from the death of a star, but no ordinary star can create a black hole; it has to be a super-massive star. Stars consist mainly of hydrogen, and the hydrogen atoms are under such great pressure that they collide and cause a fusion reaction, which creates helium. This constant fusion reaction within the star is what keeps it from collapsing onto itself, thereby sustaining its massive size for billions of years. When a normal-sized star begins to run out of hydrogen, eventually the entire star will begin to run out of hydrogen and the star will actually expand and engulf the inner planets (including earth) before contracting. An average sized star like that of our sun will now become the size of the Earth (Ando, 2004). This is called a white dwarf, and although white dwarves are too dim to be seen from Earth with the naked eye, they doe cont... ... holes die but it takes awhile. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from http://www.wonderquest.com/black-holes.htm Morcone, J. (2007, December). 'Death Star' Galaxy Black Hole Fires at Neighboring Galaxy. Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/07-139.html Nadis, S. (2010). Exploring the galaxy-black hole connection. (Cover story). Astronomy, 38(5), 28-33. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from Academic Search Premier database. Talcott, R. (2010). A black hole caught in the act. Astronomy, 38(5), 25. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database. Talcott, R. (2010). Black holes do a waltz. Astronomy, 38(5), 26. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database. Taubes, G. (1999). String Theorists Find a Rosetta Stone. Science, 285(5427), 512. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database.

Defining moments of Canada

All these years Canada expanded into a well-built country. Canada has participated in many battles throughout the world and this has changed how Canada was seen. The first defining moment was the battle of Ypres, where Canadian soldiers were the victims of the first gas attack by the Germans. The second defining moment was the liberation of Netherlands, where Dutch people thank Canadians for the concern towards them. The third defining moment was Canada in Rwanda Africa, where heroism was greatly achieved due to the efforts made by the United Nations.Due to all these major events; the battle of Ypres, the liberation of Netherlands and Canada in Rwanda Africa, Canadian soldiers gained reputation. The battle of Ypres began, during the first week of April 1915 (Warmuseum. com). Many Canadian’s troops were sent to the city of Ypres. â€Å"During the battle German soldiers were advancing fast, they gathered and covered the North, South and East sides†. On April 22th 1915, Ge rmans introduced there new and powerful weapon that can wipe out most soldiers, it was a poison gas (Warmuseum. com).Many media and people thought that Canadians would have died but many survived and some escaped. The soldiers survived because the leaked on their cloth and covered there face, to survive the gas. During the battle Canadian soldiers would have serious trouble, sometimes there rifle wouldn’t work and get jammed due to the muddy conditions. After a formidable fight, Canadian prime minister received many congrats messages from many countries stating that it was a smart play by the Canadian. Canadian soldiers managed to survive for 48 hours after they were recalled to recruit back (Veterans.  gc. ca).It was one of the biggest defining moments in Canadian history. Canadians have tremendous respect in Netherlands, all because of one event. It was the liberation of Netherlands. During fall of 1944 to spring allied forces closed and surrounded Germany (Veterans. gc. ca). There were many battles that occurred before this event such as the battle of Dieppe. Canadian soldiers played a key role during this event that brought freedom to Dutch people in Holland. Before they got into the liberation, there were many steps to go through. The battle of the Scheldt was a major key step.Months after D-day, allied forces needed to supply weapons to the soldiers and they required a sea port. The Canadian army had a forceful battle through to open the Belgium port, many soldiers were captured, tortured and killed but this was a major step. After opening the port many Dutch people were starving and cold so the Canadians joined the final push and fed all the Dutch people. Around 200,000 Canadians joined (Veterans. gc. ca). â€Å"When Canadian soldiers were marching on the street, Dutch people came and partied along by running behind the tank, inviting the soldiers for lunch†.They were really happy and respected Canadians for their amazing rescue. This wa s the second defining moment that changed Canadian history and made the Canadian army superior. The genocide of Rwanda Africa was a major event. It was an issue between to tribes called the Hutus and Tutis. This mission was done along with the United Nations. The deaths began to rise when many Tutis were murdered by the Hutus. Approximately 500,000 and one million were ended up dead (Book : The Rwanda Genocide). Many were raped, killed or murdered. United Nations tried to end the genocide.â€Å"A team was formed called the UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda)†. There were two Canadian commanders in charge; they were Major – General Romeo Daillaire and Major- General Guy Tousignant (Veteransaffair. gc. ca). During the mission to save Rwandans, 125 personnel ended up dead. After the mission of Rwanda was over, Canada and the rest of the United Nations remained in the country to clean up the humanitarian efforts, and refugee effort and left the country in 1996 (VeteransAffair. gc. ca). â€Å"The genocide of Rwanda is still remembered; in April 7th 2004 was an international day for the Rwanda genocide†.The genocide still remains in many hearts and Canada did a marvelous job assisting them. It was also an important moment in our history. These three defining moments; the battle of Ypres, the liberation of Netherlands and Canada in Africa Rwanda, changed Canada history in many ways. It allowed Canada soldiers to be seen superior with stunning skills. Canada displays a peace keeper role and always will. The Canadian army played major roles in all these moments and we hope that Canadian soldiers we continue their achievement along with success.

Abortion as a social problem essays

Abortion as a social problem essays Abortion as a Social Problem Induced abortions have been a topic of dispute for hundreds of years. People disagree on two basic questions. The first question is whether the law should permit a women to have an abortion and, if so under what circumstances. The other is whether the law should protect the unborn child. Those who wish to legally limit or forbid abort ions describe their position as a right-to-life or pro-life. Those who believe a women should have the right to an abortion refer to themselves as pro-choice. An abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth. In the earlier stages of pregnancy, the fertilized egg that grows and develops is called an embryo. After three months of development, the embryo is now considered a fetus. What an abortion will do is cause either the fetus or embryo to die. Abortions can occur in two forms: Either a spontaneous abortion may take place, which is also known as a miscarriage. Miscarriages may result from natural causes as an abnormality in the embryo, a hormonal imbalance, a long-term disease, or some other disorder in the women. The other form is an induced abortion, which is where the fetus is purposely removed from the womens body. Physicians perform abortions several different ways. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the most common method is suction curettage, also known as vacuum aspiration. This method involves removing the fetus by suction, then scraping the womens uterus with surgical instruments. An abortion can also be caused in the first trimester by a drug called mifepristone or RU-486. The method of this drug is to block the action of the hormone progesterone in the womens body, which normally is the hormone that prepares the womens uterus to receive and nourish the embryo needs. In the second trimester, many physicians use a method called dilation and evacuation. In this method, the fetu...

Spencer Johnson Biography Essays

Spencer Johnson Biography Essays Spencer Johnson Biography Essay Spencer Johnson Biography Essay If what I believe and do today is positive, I help create a better tomorrow!   Spencer Johnson The more important your cheese is to you, the more you want to hold on to it. About Spencer Johnson M. D. Spencer Johnson, M. D. , is one of the worlds most respected thinkers and beloved authors. His eleven international bestselling books include the #1 titles: Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change, the most widely read book on change, and The One Minute Manager ®, the worlds most popular management method for more than two decades, coauthored with Kenneth Blanchard. Dr. Johnson is often referred to as the best there is at taking complex subjects and presenting simple solutions that work. He received a B. A. degree in Psychology from the University of Southern California and an M. D. degree from the Royal College of Surgeons, and completed medical clerkships at the Mayo Clinic and the Harvard Medical School. He has served as Leadership Fellow at the Harvard Business School, and is currently Advisor to the Center for Public Leadership at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. His work has captured the attention of major media, including The Associated Press, the BBC, CNN, Fortune, the New York Times, the Today show, Time magazine, USA Today, and United Press International. More than forty-six million copies of Spencer Johnsons books are in print worldwide in more than forty-seven languages. Dr. Johnsons newest book, The Present, was a #1 New York Times Business Best-seller, and #1 book of the year in 2004 in South Korea with over 500,000 copies of the Korean edition in print. The New York Times Book Review, in a 2005 article on Chinese publishing, reports that Spencer Johnsons book Who Moved My Cheese? has become Chinas all time bestselling translated work with official sales of over two million copies to date. In Japan, Who Moved My Cheese? has sold over 4,500,000 copies to become the #1 bestselling book in Japans history by a non-Japanese author. Dr. Johnson earned a B. A. egree in Psychology from the University of Southern California, an M. D. degree from the Royal College of Surgeons, and medical clerkships at The Mayo Clinic and Harvard Medical School. He has served as Medical Director of Communications for Medtronic, the original innovators of cardiac pacemakers; Research Physician at the Institute for Inter-Disciplinary Studies, a medical-social think tank; Consultant to the Center for the Study of the Person, and to the School of Medicine, University of California; Leadership Fellow at the Harvard Business School and is an Advisor to Harvards Center for Public Leadership. Spencer Johnson is an M. D. who has become better known for fixing ailing corporations than healing the sick, first with his 1982 business classic  The One Minute Manager  (coauthored with psychiatrist Kenneth Blanchard) and then, unforgettably, with  Who Moved My Cheese? , a word-of-mouth sensation that eventually remained on the  New York Times  bestseller list for over two years and has been translated into 11 languages. Word had slowly built up about  Cheese, based on the strength of recommendations from heavy-hitter executives at Procter amp; Gamble, GE, Hewlett-Packard and others. Businesses, hit by the downshifting economy, began ordering copies by the thousands; by 2000, it was a national bestseller. The book sets up a story about four characters who live in a maze: Hem and Haw, who are little people; and Sniff and Scurry, who are mice. Johnson, who based the story on the fact that mice rarely go back to the same place to look for cheese and felt that humans might benefit from the example, created the story for himself as a way of helping himself get through a divorce. Urged by former writing partner Blanchard to set the story down in book form, Johnson finally did and nothing happened, at first. But over two years, the book picked up momentum, not only among companies who were trying to deal with everything from sales downturns to massive layoffs, but among individuals who found the book helped them gain a new perspective on personal situations as well. Johnson s forte is to create allegorical stories that present simple, digestible solutions (or paths to solutions) for seemingly huge challenges. The approach is far from immune to criticism from those who complain that  Who Moved My Cheese? is simplistic and silly; Johnson doesn t argue with either barb (though he might prefer simple over simplistic). His message is that being simpler and sillier makes us better adapters and decision-makers, and all of his books boil down to opening oneself to possibility and better communication. The ideas aren t revolutionary: As Johnson said in an ABC News chat, The challenge always for me and for others is to live the story and not just read about it. Author,  Professional speaker, Consultant Occupation

I, Too essays

I, Too essays Title Black race is integral in America ParaphraseIm American (American pride). I represent the other half, and now you ignore me but I am getting stronger, and soon I wont be sent away, and then you will see how beautiful I am and regret sending me away because I too am American. Figurative language Darker brother is a symbol of the black race. Brother brings to mind the idea of America s a family. He is the other half of the integral relationship of brotherhood. Send me away when company comes brings about the idea of an embarrassing part of the family not to be talked of (for example a drunken step uncle). But I laugh and grow stronger -instead of letting the attempts to ostracize him ferment anger, he shakes it off and uses it for motivation for becoming more recognized, respectable, and qualifiedto become a more valuable member of the family. Tomorrow Ill be at the table, tomorrow represents a time in the near future when blacks will have equality. The table represents accomplishment, for it is where one is served. This can also mean the simple fact that he who sends the black man away or hides him today will still have to see him tomorrow. The table represents accomplishment and serves as a place of coming together (black and white). Tone The tone towards the black audience is uplifting and encouraging. It is intended to arouse feelings of support and pride for the black movement. Although towards any racist whites who read it, the tone is admonitory. This message is a polite warning of impending equality in spite of all attempts to stop the black movement. ...

Property and Liability Insurance Research Paper

Property and Liability Insurance - Research Paper Example When the risk event occurs and a claim is made, the insurance company has to cover the claim. The main objective of taking a property and liability insurance is to cover one’s own property from various risks including theft, fire, accident, electric circuitry damages, lighting, etc, but to also cover third parties such as employees, visitors, general public, etc (Economy Watch, 2010). PLI provides for 3 major duties from the insurance company, namely, duty to defend, duty to indemnify and duty to address a reasonable clear claim. The duty to defend arises when the insured party is sued and claims a liability from the insurance company. The insurance company when it receives a claim from the third party may either choose to defend the insured, seek a declaratory judgment of no coverage or choose either. The second duty the insurer has is to indemnify the insured to what the insurance company is liable. The third duty the insurance company has is to settle all the reasonable cla ims and often if the insurer fails to settle the amount for within the claim limit, the insured can take the insurance company to court and claim beyond the set amount. ... Employment liability (or workman’s compensation) is a form of insurance that should be mandatorily taken by all the businesses and is meant to protect the employer from all risk events that may occur to the employees whilst they perform their duties. Tenant’s liability – Tenants that stay in the insurer place are covered for abilities by the owner from risks that may be present in the rented place. General liability – Covers the business, the employee’s third parties, etc, from risks including the risk to business. Professional liability is a form of liability that is taken by a professional such as a physician, lawyer or dentist, and would cover to pay for damages to any third party that may have been caused whilst provision of professional services. The main intention of professional liability is to protect the professional from malpractice claims. Professionals need to take a higher level of care whilst providing their services. D & O Liability o r Directors and Officers liability is a form of insurance that aims to cover the actions of the directors and officers of a company. It can be used to limit the damage to the company that may be caused by the actions of the directors or the officers (Economy Watch 2010). Insurance Fraud is any act that is committed by one party in order to obtain insurance money from the insurer fraudulently. The extent of fraud may vary from one case to another and include, claiming larger than expected insurance damages, deliberately causing accident and damages with the intent of causing losses to the insurance company or increasing the premium that is offered to the insured (Total Criminal Defense, 2010). Today insurance

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Essay Example In this article, I will analyze the current money neutrality and the creation of reserve without money creation as per the central banking systems. Money neutrality Numerous economics students have been taught the theory of money neutrality and its effect on how people consider the issue of monetary policy. The implications of money neutrality may be summarized as follows: in the long run, the growth of money ought to be neutral in its impact on the production growth rate and ought to affect the inflation rate. The earliest canonical works on the neutrality of money stated the superiority of monetary policy regulations that enabled the participants in the market to envisage the future money supplies. There were no debates in these abstract models for the necessity of an institution like a central bank that may be used to take the actions to apply a policy based on rules (Cecchetti 42). There were also no differences identified between the central bank’s liabilities and money. Theoretically, the gap between the inflation variables and the central bank variables (M1 and M2) are under the transmission mechanism, which is a monetary theory. The Federal Reserve utilizes the open market to withdraw or inject commercial bank reserves. The banks then create money through money multiplier. In a nutshell, banks react to the injection of extra reserves by developing loans that are financed with monetary liabilities like savings deposits and checking (Cecchetti 104). The money multiplier calculates the final adjustment in the supply of money that would be caused by a certain change in the monetary base. Irrespective of the money multiplier value, as long as it is stable, a certain percentage increase in the monetary base would cause a similar percentage increase in money. Therefore, the theory of money multiplier is a brief means of tying a policy rule under the central bank control with inflation and money. Creation of reserve without money The application of the c oncepts of the money multiplier and money neutrality have made a number of Federal Reserve observers argue that the present financial crisis has been caused by the possible result of inflation. For instance, the Financial Times, Martin Feldstein argued that when the economy starts to recuperate, the Federal Reserve will have to lessen the stock money and prevent the high volume of excess reserves in the banks from creating credit and money explosion. The negative money multiplier may be explained by liquidity creation. For instance, from 1981 to 2006, the average credit market assets that the US financial institutions hold have increased by $ 32.3 trillion. Commercial bank reserves that have been held as deposits by the Federal Reserve had reduced by $ 6.5 billion within the same period (Cecchetti 56). In 2006, the total commercial bank reserves in the Federal Reserve were only $18.7 billion. This amount was less than the equivalent amount that was held in banks, in 1951. It is quit e clear that not only have the financial institutions depended on a rise in reserves held at the Federal Reserve to increase credit they have also increased credit by 744 percent as the reserves diminished. Therefore, the subsidiary money multiplier of the augmented bank reserves has been either irrelevant or highly negative. The following figure indicates the

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management - Essay Example The project is to launch a new product, a multiple container system that requires minimal cabinet storage space in the consumer’s home, within nine months from now. The product is more described in greater detail as similar to a competitor's product but will have significantly more features. As reported, this product will open new markets for the sales channel, lay the foundation for add-on products, and generate new revenue. The objective therefore is for sales and marketing personnel to make the necessary preparations in terms of designing appropriate marketing strategies encompassing the 4Ps: product, pricing, place and promotions to be used for the launching of the new product. This research aims to evaluate and present such deliverables: 1. Sales Team 1.1 Generate sales forecasts 1.2 Set price for the new product 1.3 Familiarize the team with potential add-on products 1.4 Identify potential customers within sales boundaries 1.5 Conduct sales force education and orientation for the new product 1.6 Synchronize time schedule of designing strategies with manufacturing and marketing team 2. Marketing Team 2.1 Design advertisements and promotional campaign for the new product 2.2 Identify strategic markets 2.3 Monitor prospective competitors’ response to the new product 2.4 Provide all crucial marketing materials (brochures, product specifications and features, packaging) 2.5 Determine schedules for home sales events to launch the new product 2.6 Synchronize time schedule of identified activities with manufacturing and sales team.

Book review of Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin Essay

Book review of Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin - Essay Example The book highlights the darkest moments in the history of US, where social justice to blacks was bare minimum. The author in the best manner elucidates the obstacles and the hardships that a black man undergoes. He not only highlights the cursed life of blacks but, also involves himself in a quest to discover his own identity. The racial oppression led to problems for the black people in US, in finding food and shelter, even the rest rooms through out the country which the black people were allowed to use as there was a great scarcity. There was discrimination in day to day affairs like travelling by bus, getting a cheque cashed and sitting on bus stand or park benches. Their residential areas were filthy, stinking and dark like ghettos. The social justice was conspicuous from the behavior of each race in another's company. A white used to receive respect and courtesy from the whites only, whereas they were always formidable from the behavior of blacks, always suspicious of their actions; whereas, blacks were looked upon with animosity and hostility. The blacks were generous with each other. Where Griffin mentions all the bad sides, he also mentions examples of P.D East and construction worker from Alabama - the whites and the blacks like Sterling Williams (who helped him in his transformation, made him learn the etiquettes, the style and the mannerism of the blacks) and the mill worker who proved that human kindness and generosity cannot be overshadowed by the evils of racism. The book addresses the sociological issues and concerns related to racism and sexism. The book points out how African Americans were a stereotyped because almost majority of the Americans had no knowledge of their culture. Black men were subordinated because white believed that blacks were sexually perverse. The book provides a very sentimental and heart rendering approach to the sufferings of the black people in American South. It touches the heart directly because the events are unfolded by a white man himself, who experienced the troubles of the blacks by under covering himself as a black man. It was a quest for the author to see how blacks struggled. The author left his family and friends and lived under cover for whole six weeks, travelling from Texas to Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Georgia. The author tells how he started off with his transition from a white to black; the most interesting part, because this is his quest for search of an identity. He starts to make friends with black people and one of his very first mates was a shoe shining man, Sterling Williams; living amongst black, the author starts to realize what these men in Atlanta have been through to come so far. He ends the book on a worrying note that the time will come when blacks will come haunting the American white racists, for all the cruel and the deadly treatment they have done to blacks. John Howard Griffin's social experiment of converting into a black man, proved to be a success; it was a contribution of his efforts as a white man to bring to front the relentless efforts of blacks to be recognized how badly they have been treated. His guise for putting himself into shoes

Middle Eastern Origins of International Terrorism since 1945 Essay

Middle Eastern Origins of International Terrorism since 1945 - Essay Example For as long as we have had war, terrorism has been with us as a tactic to bring about change in atmospheres of political discontent and also to maintain control. From the Irish War to Osama Bin Laden, the world has experienced political activism to the extent of vandal, murder and suicide. According to Delaware: â€Å"The history of terrorism dates back at least 1500 years when Jewish resistance groups (66 - 72 A.D.) known as Zealots killed Roman soldiers and destroyed Roman property†. By the middle of the century, the Middle East has perfected and monopolized terror as a strategy to maintain control and promote their regimes. According to Middle East Info: â€Å"The Middle East includes 7 out of 19 of the most repressive regimes in the world. Arab and Iranian dictators oppress their subjects, sponsor half of the world’s major terror groups and imperil Israel, the Middle East’s sole democracy†. Today, tearful vigils in remembrance of the September 11 bombi ng of the World Trade Center in New York is the most historical bookmark of Middle Eastern terror. Concept of Terrorism Emotion is the culprit behind many of life’s extremities. Even a terroristic movement starts with some degree of emotional conflict. The concept of terrorism initially brings to mind political manipulation, kidnappings, bombings, and surprise attacks. The saddest aspect of the term is it is often aimed toward innocent bystanders, including women, senior citizens, and children who have no connection to any perceived offense. â€Å"Terrorism has been described variously as both a tactic and strategy; a crime and a holy duty; a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination† .... ine terrorism in terms of law are listed in the table below: Definition of Terrorism, United States Code, (United States Code, 2012) Title 22 Chapter 38 of the United States Code (regarding the Department of State)definition of terrorism: : "The term 'terrorism' means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents† Title 18 United States Code defines international terrorism as: "Activities that . . . involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States†¦[and] appear to be intended . . . to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; . . . to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or . . . to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping† The essenc e of any terrorist movement is its threat to society. It is the basis for the existence of Homeland Security agencies. Regardless of how it is defined, terrorist tactics add up to one thing: violence. The violent approach arose from several circumstances in the 20th century. Nationalism developed in many countries, which undergirded many political movements and the formation of nationalist interest groups. The World Wars and the Cold War made fighting, death, and casualties a commonality. The tactic of taking hostages was added to the list of methods of political objection. The wars delegitimized any theories of peace and non-violent protest (Terrorism Research, 2012). The wars desensitized people to the death and breaking laws (Terrorist Research, 2012). The death toll of the wars overshadowed

Strategies for Motivating People in Non-profit Organization Term Paper

Strategies for Motivating People in Non-profit Organization - Term Paper Example For instance, the number of employees working within an organization partly determines how easy the organizational leaders can motivate them. Additionally, the type of organization also plays a role in how managers motivate employees. In for-profit organizations, employee motivation can be linked to the profits made in that employees are rewarded depending on the amount of profits they are able to raise. However, in a non-profit organization, this may not be the case because such organizations do not seek profits. Instead, non-profit organizations often perform philanthropic work based on volunteerism (Rexhaj, 2011). Therefore, employees within non-profit organizations may not be motivated through compensation/salaries.Moreover, the specific motivation strategies adopted by organizations could add to this complexity. There are multiple motivation theories that organizations may adopt. Each of these theories has its principles, advantages and disadvantages. Depending on they type of m otivation theory that an organization adoptsapplies, the complexity of implementing it varies. Despite these factors, this paper focuses on the role of growing diversity in the workplace and how this affects strategies for motivation in non-profit organizations. The paper argues that growing diversity in non-profit organizations calls for multidimensional approach to motivation. The paper is organized into three main sections. The first part, introduction, provides an overview of the topic and the thesis. The second part, the body, provides the main discussion of the paper. This is the longest part and will be divided into different sub-sections. Finally, the conclusion will provide a recap of the main points from the discussion, restate the thesis, and provide concluding remarks. Before delving into the main discussion about how growing diversity influences motivation strategies in non-profit organizations, it is worthy to understand what non-profit organizations are and what

Book review of Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin Essay

Book review of Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin - Essay Example The book highlights the darkest moments in the history of US, where social justice to blacks was bare minimum. The author in the best manner elucidates the obstacles and the hardships that a black man undergoes. He not only highlights the cursed life of blacks but, also involves himself in a quest to discover his own identity. The racial oppression led to problems for the black people in US, in finding food and shelter, even the rest rooms through out the country which the black people were allowed to use as there was a great scarcity. There was discrimination in day to day affairs like travelling by bus, getting a cheque cashed and sitting on bus stand or park benches. Their residential areas were filthy, stinking and dark like ghettos. The social justice was conspicuous from the behavior of each race in another's company. A white used to receive respect and courtesy from the whites only, whereas they were always formidable from the behavior of blacks, always suspicious of their actions; whereas, blacks were looked upon with animosity and hostility. The blacks were generous with each other. Where Griffin mentions all the bad sides, he also mentions examples of P.D East and construction worker from Alabama - the whites and the blacks like Sterling Williams (who helped him in his transformation, made him learn the etiquettes, the style and the mannerism of the blacks) and the mill worker who proved that human kindness and generosity cannot be overshadowed by the evils of racism. The book addresses the sociological issues and concerns related to racism and sexism. The book points out how African Americans were a stereotyped because almost majority of the Americans had no knowledge of their culture. Black men were subordinated because white believed that blacks were sexually perverse. The book provides a very sentimental and heart rendering approach to the sufferings of the black people in American South. It touches the heart directly because the events are unfolded by a white man himself, who experienced the troubles of the blacks by under covering himself as a black man. It was a quest for the author to see how blacks struggled. The author left his family and friends and lived under cover for whole six weeks, travelling from Texas to Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Georgia. The author tells how he started off with his transition from a white to black; the most interesting part, because this is his quest for search of an identity. He starts to make friends with black people and one of his very first mates was a shoe shining man, Sterling Williams; living amongst black, the author starts to realize what these men in Atlanta have been through to come so far. He ends the book on a worrying note that the time will come when blacks will come haunting the American white racists, for all the cruel and the deadly treatment they have done to blacks. John Howard Griffin's social experiment of converting into a black man, proved to be a success; it was a contribution of his efforts as a white man to bring to front the relentless efforts of blacks to be recognized how badly they have been treated. His guise for putting himself into shoes

Strategies for Motivating People in Non-profit Organization Term Paper

Strategies for Motivating People in Non-profit Organization - Term Paper Example For instance, the number of employees working within an organization partly determines how easy the organizational leaders can motivate them. Additionally, the type of organization also plays a role in how managers motivate employees. In for-profit organizations, employee motivation can be linked to the profits made in that employees are rewarded depending on the amount of profits they are able to raise. However, in a non-profit organization, this may not be the case because such organizations do not seek profits. Instead, non-profit organizations often perform philanthropic work based on volunteerism (Rexhaj, 2011). Therefore, employees within non-profit organizations may not be motivated through compensation/salaries.Moreover, the specific motivation strategies adopted by organizations could add to this complexity. There are multiple motivation theories that organizations may adopt. Each of these theories has its principles, advantages and disadvantages. Depending on they type of m otivation theory that an organization adoptsapplies, the complexity of implementing it varies. Despite these factors, this paper focuses on the role of growing diversity in the workplace and how this affects strategies for motivation in non-profit organizations. The paper argues that growing diversity in non-profit organizations calls for multidimensional approach to motivation. The paper is organized into three main sections. The first part, introduction, provides an overview of the topic and the thesis. The second part, the body, provides the main discussion of the paper. This is the longest part and will be divided into different sub-sections. Finally, the conclusion will provide a recap of the main points from the discussion, restate the thesis, and provide concluding remarks. Before delving into the main discussion about how growing diversity influences motivation strategies in non-profit organizations, it is worthy to understand what non-profit organizations are and what

An Indian Muslim Wife Essay Example for Free

An Indian Muslim Wife Essay Religion plays an important part in family and society in most of the Muslim societies. Muslims and Christians are spread throughout the world and the puritanical Christian and Muslim wife based in the concepts of scriptures of both religions may be a part of the books only [Rashid, 2007]. Cultural influences, economic conditions and varying influence of religion in the society means that a Muslim wife of one society is not subject to the same kind cultural practices throughout the world. An Afghan or a Saudi Arabian woman is more likely to follow the local religious practices of modesty and veils, while most Muslim women in India only have to observe a modest dress code. The very traditional families or families of religious scholars may still observe the hijab, a dress similar to that worn by Catholic nuns [Women, Islam Hijab, 2007]. For the information given here, I contacted a few of Indian women in my locality and they happened to be of Muslim religion and agreed to share their knowledge and experiences with me [Indian Muslim Wife, 2007]. The first thing one hears in these conversations is that ‘there is no such thing as a typical Indian Muslim or Hindu Wife’. The society in many of the developing countries has vast difference between the rich and the poor, and there is also a fast developing middle class. The very rich have become largely anglicized and the English medium public education under the Cambridge/Oxford based schooling system has given them the perception of family life very similar to that of a European or American family. A few characteristics common to all Indian Muslim families are importance of family life, providing protective environment for the children, fidelity in marriage and finding spouse of Muslim faith. The Muslim wife of a rich Indian family is well provided for. She is normally well educated and even if she is not involved in her own career or business, she has to accompany her husband to social parties; she does not drink even if the Muslim husband has given up practicing the prohibition imposed by religion. A Muslim Indian wife is expected to be faithful to her husband. The pressure of the society is such that even if men were to astray, the wife risks the risk of being ostracized if she indulges in any such activities. Indian Muslim families normally have to live in an extended family. Looking after the parents is responsibility of the male children of the family. It is almost given that she any Muslim woman will have her in-laws living in the same house. Depending on their nature, it may be blessing to share a house with in-laws as a number of women can go out more freely to pursue their career or to attend the social functions while the elder members of the family can look after the children. Most rich Indian Muslim women can hire servants and only have to supervise the household responsibilities. The middle class Muslim Indian wife has many more problems. The man is the breadwinner and the woman looks after the house, brings up the children, looks after the in-laws if they are old and infirm and makes ends meet in relatively moderate income. The Indian middle class society is rather conservative and the religious restriction placed on Muslim middle class women due to conservatism restricts the freedom of movement, ability to work, choice of professions for women in the middle class Muslim families is also limited. The traditional families prefer to keep the women at home or if they have to work professions such as teaching, medicine and assisting family members in their business are preferred. The poor Indian Muslim wife probably suffers the most. They are married off at an early age by marriages arranged by their parents. Low income of the family means that Indian Muslim wife from a poor family has to work hard often in poor paid jobs as domestic servant or on farms. The full day work, however does not reduce her responsibilities at home as she has to do all the household work, cooking cleaning, looking after the husband and children and in laws too. The poverty-stricken family has to stay in huts or semi constructed houses in shantytowns and suffers all the problems of poverty. The Muslim Indian women are brought up in traditional ways and given Islamic as well as normal education. Divorce rates among Muslims are very low. This may also be a result of the problems in the society. Divorce carries some stigma, the women are allowed to re-marry and the young divorcees normally do. The pressures on families are economic, social and emotional. Break-up of family deprives the woman of financial support, women if they do not re-marry are not free to socialize or date as openly as in Europe/America.

Self Reflection perspectives creating Job Satisfaction

Self Reflection perspectives creating Job Satisfaction The place I am working is call car grooming company and I fell that I have no job satisfaction in this job. I am managing the whole business and also getting good money like profit sharing on the top of the wages but some how not completely satisfy and almost lost the passion for that particular work. I have been noticed and recognized what I am doing and also performing well in my job. There is no issue with boss and money. My personal relation with my boss and staff is also good. I also handle my staff nicely. Even having all the factors in my favor I feel that I am not satisfied with my job. I believe that is has more to do with my personal traits. The question is why I am not motivated to stay longer in the job. Most of the factors related to the motivation and getting job satisfaction is in my favor and ever though the feeling of job satisfaction is missing. I questioned my self one-day. Am I getting lazy? What are the factors not driving me towards job satisfaction? And now I got the answer, which I have mentioned in my evaluation exercise. ACTION PLAN-1 Action Plan for job satisfaction: Action Described: I am not passionate about my job and not much motivation to do the job. I feel that few different motivation factors affecting my job satisfaction. I have no desire about the high pay particularly in this job. But I noticed that actually the type of job I am doing is not driving me towards the job satisfaction. The job is to deal with the employee in the car park and it not that much challenging, looking to the education and experience I have. I think to increase my job satisfaction I need to make the job more challenging and setting some target and goal in the business. Tying to improve my performance for my own satisfaction. People centered manager skills that I will develop: Its importance that I should develop my skill which will drive me towards the job satisfaction because if I do not have the passion for the job even I am performing well, its will give negative impact on my staff and there will be great impact on their performance. I will try to understand the reason, which is not driving my passion regarding the job satisfaction. Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: I will evaluate the values and reason for not getting satisfaction towards the job. I will try to find out the job involvement that extent to which my individual is personally involved with work role. Try to focus more on job goal rather than always thinking about not having satisfaction about the job. Trying to find out the way of motivation like hygiene factor if responsible for my job satisfaction Resource you need to implement action: Creating challenging job, focus more on goal and how to achieve more target and how to improve the business culture to feel more comfortable environment in which I am working. Reviewing the team feedback toward my attitude to them. I am sure that if I am not satisfied with the job my reaction towards employee will be not good. Design of working area and environment. Try to enhance the job satisfaction by observing the requirement and knowledge. Actions specific benefit to an organization according to the theory: By building a self esteem in our self and other can have positive impact on performance. Intrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is turned on to ones work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well, rather than being dependent on external factor such as incentive pay or compliments from the boss (cited by Knicki Kreitner 2009 page 151). Job enrichment such that an employee has the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility and advancement will help achieving job satisfaction (Cited by Knicki Kreitner 2009 page 15) ACTION PALN-2 SELF-REFLACTION REGARDING FAIR TREATMENT: This is regarding my self-reflection regarding the treatment towards staff. After doing the exercise I feel that I moderate but not very fair in regards to the staff treatment. My problem is that I do not have fair job satisfaction and when it comes to the staff treatment it reflect on them. Because of lack of my motivation my staff is not being treated, as they should be. My employees hard work appreciation when they performed well, their respect for the work and time they are giving to the organization to achieve the goal their questions and problems are not always been taken fairly and I have understood that employees always have a habit for complaining about the things and I was not really trying to sloe problems. My lack of accurate feedback to them were not motivated them and affecting the result in the business. After evaluating the exercise I have develop the action plan for my future improvement. ACTION PLAN -2 Action Plan for giving Fair Treatment to the employee Action Described: I usually do not give good feedback and appreciation to the employees. I was always thinking that if you appreciate your workers than they will slowly led towards the less performance. This is was my belief but they do need motivation to perform well that is what I learnt from the different motivational theory. I need to treat my employee very fairly and not just the moderately. People centered Manager skills that I will develop: I will develop my skill to motivate my employee. Employee will know this and we will try to improve the productivity and creativity. I will distinguish between fairness and equal treatment. I will give accurate feedback to the employee and rewards to performance. Example of New Behavior you will display given this new skill: I will introduce the system like a performance chart for the individual employee to see improvement in their performance. Appreciation of their hard work and solving their problems and taking feedback regarding their performance. If any training or mentoring is needed I will make sure to provide them. Their suggestions are consider seriously and try to find out the best way suitable for them as well as for organization. Resource you need to implement action: Learn the theory of motivation and their expectancy. Considering the practical experience and put in to the theory. Considering and reading the vrooms expectancy theory. Reward people for desire performance. Design challenging jobs. Monitor employee motivation through interviews or anonymous questionnaires. Make sure employee can achieve target performance levels. Actions specific benefits to an organization according to theory: Managers need valid and accurate performance ratings with which to compare employees. In accurate ratings create perceptions of inequity and thereby erode motivation.(Kinicki Kreitner 2009) Manager should use the performance ratings to differentially allocate rewards among employees. That is critical that managers allocate significantly different amount of rewards for various levels of performance. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009 ) A positive self-enhancing culture is more likely to engender higher motivation and commitment that a culture dominated by suspicion, faultfinding and blame. ACTION PLAN-3 SELF REFELECTION REGARDING GIVNG FEED BACK: I am not good in giving feed back. Sometime I want to give feedback to my employee but I struggle to give feed back to them. I feel that If I give them negative feed back for any of their work done they may feel offended and feel embarrassing and due to that reason I am usually avoid to give feed back. But I realized that feedback is very important for the manager to give to their employee and feed back can help in performance of the organization. Its also good idea to get someone to check on work before its too late to make changes. Also by not giving feedback it can create confusion when something happens after long time and we will than thing that it could have better if I could have given a feed back on this particular issue actually when it happed. Therefore much time I feel the failure in particular issues are because of not giving feed back on time. My lack of feedback habit created problems in both ways with employee for not giving them feedback for their work they were not m otivated and to the boss for not giving feed back thinking about the reflection of the feedback. I learnt that feedback is very necessary and important in the organization as well as a manager and I am putting the action in the following plan. ACTION PLAN-3 ACTION PLAN FOR GIVING FEED BACK: Action Described: I am very poor in giving feedback to my employee as well as to the boss. I am not giving feed back because I always think that what will be impact on my employee if I give them negative feedback for their work. They may take it personally and I do not wanted to create any disturb environment in the organization. But I really need to give feed back to them. My positive feedback will motivate them for their job and my negative feedback may improve their job People centered manger skills that I will adopt: Employees even after doing a good job they feel lot more confident of it after someone else tell them so. I will give them regular feed back for the work they have done it can be positive or negative and try to find out how they give importance to negative feedback to make improvement in their performance and how should I reward them by giving a positive feedback. I will identify attitudes and behavior that must change and define what attitudes and behavior will be acceptable in future. I will evaluate responses to make sure they are consistent with company policy and with the treatment of other employees. Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: Feedback is objective information about individual or collective performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation. Subjective assessments such as you are not doing this and that do not qualify as objective feedback. Feedback should be given as an exchange of information about the status and quality of work product. It will provide a road map to success. I will try to give feedback that ensures that the manager and employees are in sync and agree on the standards and expectations of the work to be performed. I will enhance feedback by pairing specific challenging goals with specific feedback about result. Resource you need to implement action: Commitment of management by making employee reward and recognition. Advise to deliver frequent feedback to motivate workers. Newer approaches like upward feedback and 360 degree feedback. Review the work progress and culture regularly to give them feedback. Introduce performance appraisal system. Action specific benefit to an organization according to theory: Top management support and organizational climate openness can help 360-degree feedback programs success. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). Focus feedback on things employee can control improvement not just result and performance rather than personality. Cultivate a fair and constructive climate by including positive feedback one or examples instead of dumping on employees and taking time to listen to employees can provide effective feedback. Large scales at the U.S Naval Academy, where student leaders and followers live together day and night, discover a positive impact of upward feedback on leaden behavior. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). ACTION PLAN-4 SELF REFLECTION REGARDING HANDLING CONFLICT: I personally do not like conflict in the organization and I am always trying to avoid that and I am not at all good in handing the conflict. I am always worried about the effect on my relation with the employee and therefore I could not handle properly when conflict happens. I believe that completely avoid conflict is not a right thing and it can also not possible in modern life because it is became a part of human condition to occurs conflict at several levels. For me probably seems the lack of negotiation skill keeping me to avoid conflicts but when it happens it becomes a hard job to handle the conflict and being a manager it is very important to know how to handle the conflict and how to encourage the conflict. Conflict can be useful as well. For example conflict like functional conflict can be positive for the organization and conflict like dysfunctional can be negative for the organization. I need to learn that how to handle the functional conflict and how to handle the dysfunc tional conflict. It is the most important thing for the manager and good leader to know the types and identify the desire outcomes of the conflicts. I have now prepared the action plan how I am going to improve the skill in handling the conflicts. ACTION PLAN-4 ACTION PLAN FOR HANDLING CONFLICT Action Described: I am not good in handling when conflict takes place. I usually avoid happening conflict which every one wants but sometime to avoid conflict I am not giving proper feedback or I am not getting proper feedback and in fact I am blocking any inputs coming to the organization for the improvements. I must face the conflict as a good leader and manager and find out the best possible result for the organization. People centered manager skills that I will develop: I want to make sure that I should not be the one who is the problem of the progress. If I were avoiding the conflict means no one would happy to give me any feedback and I would not give any feedback. Conflicts are not always bad for the organization. I should be able to make out which type of conflict has taken place and what will be the out come of the conflict. Is this conflict is benefit to the organization or is it damaging the organization. I must pay attention when someone or showed little interest in their opinion Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: I will investigate and document the conflict and take if appropriate, take corrective action like taking feedback, or behavior modification. I will avoid dragging coworkers in to the conflict unless it is extremely necessary. I will find out which type of conflict has taken place if the conflict is functional it can give positive output to the organization. These types of conflict support the goal of the organization and improve the performance. If it is dysfunctional conflict that I have to work for the best interest of my organization. I also have to be good listener and be sensitive to needs of others and co operative to handle the conflict Resource you need to implement action: Must know about the methods to handle to conflict like devils advocacy method and the Dialectic Method. I must understand the style for handling dysfunctional conflict. I must distinguish the important and concerns of every factor and apply the right theory like problem solving, smoothing, forcing, avoiding or compromising and find the best possible solution in benefit of the organization I am working for. Actions specific benefit to an organization according to the theory: Avoiding conflict doesnt make it go away the same situation is likely to continue and even to escalate. What then, is the alternative? For our present purposes it is sufficient to become consciously aware of our fears and practice overcoming them and understanding and acting upon the situation are steps in positive direction (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). ACTION PLAN-5 SELF REFLECTION REGARDING CHANGING IN ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE: I generally do not accept the organizational change. The system once introduced in the organization when joining becomes so habituated that it makes me very uncomfortable when organizational changes happen. I always worried about whether I will be able to change the new behavior or whether I will be able to learn the new system, which is going to introduce. I do not even try to find out that new system coming in to the organization whether it is providing any benefit or not. I simply feel not comfortable when ever changes come. To change work habit is difficult task for me and even rewarding does not work here for me. Once its introduced and when we get use to the new system than its a different story but initially I always feel uncomfortable with changing organization culture. In my company when the waterless product was introduced and the system of washing cars have been changed I was always feeling uncomfortable by the new product introduce and giving excuses that the old system w as very good. I will put following action plan to improve my concept for organizational changes. ACTION PLAN-5 ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGING BEHAVIOR FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE Action Describe: I am very low motivated person when it comes to changing organizational behavior, I do not feel comfortable when ever changes introduce and always feel fatigue about changing the organizational behavior and training all employee once again and never sure about the out come of it. I also do not bother to work out whether this change is positive for the organization or not. I need to change the way I consider my job. I should be always ready to accept new changes coming in to the origination. If I do not show enthusiasm for accepting the changes, I will not be able to motivate my staff and it will give very adverse effect on the organization. People centered manager skills that I will develop: I will try to provide as much information as possible to my employee about the changes. Inform employees about he reason and rationale for the changes. I will also conduct the meeting to address employees questions regarding the change and provide employees the opportunity to discuss how the proposed change might affect them. I will develop good communication skill with employees through the process of change. Example of new behavior you will display given this new skill: I will listen consider the benefit for changing or introducing any new behavior in the organization. I will always consider that organization must be ready for change. I will make sure that I am not making any implementation errors while changing the organizational behavior. There will be bump along the way but I will stay focus on the big picture. My awareness of the forces of change can help me determine when I should consider implementing organizational changes. Resource you need to implement action: Focus on the organizations mission and vision also the making strategic goals and target elements of change in the organization. Understand the methods of process with work flow and make the arrangement with organization with their policies and structure including rewards and training for the employees. Understand the Lewins change model and create the strategic plans, target elements of change and out put. Create the plan to achieving the vision. Anchor new approaches in the culture. Actions specific benefit to an organization according to theory: Organizational change, whether large or small is undertaken to improve some process, procedure, product, service or out come of interest to management. Because changes involve learning and doing things differently. Changes entails providing employee with new information, new behavior model new processes or procedure new equipment new technology or new ways of getting the job done. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). Increase global competition starling breakthroughs in information technology, changes to change the way they do business. Employee want satisfactory work environments, customers are demanding grater value, and investors want more integrity in financial disclosures. The rate of organizational and societal change is clearly accelerating. (Kinicki Kreitner 2009)