Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition. Example For Students

Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition. Definition Term The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks. weathering The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. erosion In geology, the process in which material is laid down. deposition The mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces that is caused by natural processes and that does not change the chemical composition of the rock material. physical weathering The chemical breakdown and decomposition of rocks by natural processes in the environment. chemical weathering Wearing away by scraping or rubbing. abrasion separation of successive thin shells, or spalls, from massive rock. exfoliation a reaction with oxygen, occurring when rock is exposed to oxygen in the air or in water; Elements in the rock such as iron or copper combine with oxygen to form new chemical compounds. oxidation precipitation (rain) that is more acidic than normal; caused by chemical air pollutants combining with water vapor in air; the most common pollutants are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). acid precipitation

9 Types of Students You Can Meet in a Classroom

9 Types of Students You Can Meet in a Classroom You can often see some typical characters of students on TV shows and movies. You might have noticed that in real life types of students in high school and college are different from those featured on TV. Weve classified nine student types which you can meet in a typical classroom. 1. A Sleeper This guy or girl definitely has a superpower to fall asleep at a desk not minding the noise. You might feel a little jealous that your classmate is having an extra nap while you have to take notes and listen to the teacher. Its curious that sleepers often stay unnoticed. But you should know that there will be nothing to be jealous about when a teacher suddenly comes up to a sleeper to wake him or her up. This is one of the most common types of students you meet in college. The reason for that is simple - many students have part-time jobs which are not easy to handle. A bonus: Find out more about easy part-time jobs that won’t make you sleepy in a classroom from our article. 2. An â€Å"I-Know-It-All† You definitely have a classmate, who raises his or her hand anytime a question is asked. This guy or girl is always ready to take another test or stay for an extra class. Next time this happens, dont roll your eyes too far (we know you do it every time) for not harming yourself. Eventually, there must be someone who draws a teachers attention away from a sleeper. 3. An Outsider This person typically sits somewhere at the end of the classroom and can be spotted daydreaming or doodling in a notebook. An outsider usually has no friends or has only one friend, but it seems that an outsider is okay with it. If you think that this type of people is too gloomy, then you should know that its because they are very self-conscious. But you can crack that shell to reveal an excellent friend. 4. A Golden Star We are not talking about Patrick the Star, but the one, who is beloved by every teacher in your school. You cant even tell why, but this guy or girl is always praised. Such people always look too relaxed, so sometimes you think that all their homework is done by elves. Dont judge them too much, as you might not know how a person actually feels. 5. A Gadget Addict Sometimes you think that the hand of this person is glued to a cell phone and will never be detached from it. You can see a gadget addict constantly scrolling through Instagram feed or watching YouTube videos while everyone else is listening to a teacher. Well, maybe he or she is a future social media marketer, who knows. 6. A Clown A clown always has a joke to make your day. Usually, this person can be spotted goofing around and not paying attention to anything that your teacher is saying. When it comes to an awkward pause in a conversation among your classmates, a clown always has something to say that breaks the silence. You might not be surprised seeing this classmate in a meme or vine compilation video. Perhaps, you can even find him or her in our list of the best college memes. 7. An Energizer An energizer seems to have a time-turner in a pocket. This person somehow manages to be in sports, school events, singing in a chore, making posters for the next charity march and helping every club in the school. These students just have too much energy to sit on their hands. And while you are trying to stop procrastinating and start doing your homework, think about an energizer who is probably crafting another model for a chemistry club. 8. A Space King (or Queen) If you are constantly asked for a pencil to borrow, about what the home task was or even what the day of the week is, then its a space king (queen) whos talking to you. You wonder how soon this guy or girl will be expelled, but somehow this never happens. You are probably mad because a space king (queen) always comes unprepared but still carry an extra pencil for this guy. 9. A Party Maker The one who attends parties so often that you wonder if this person ever sleeps. A party maker is known by the majority of students, and almost everyone can tell you a funny story about the time they attended a party together. Its not that surprising that party makers are not the best students, but they usually get help from their classmates in exchange for an invitation to a party. Take the Quiz If you dont know which type of student you are, you can take a short quiz on the types of students classification to understand more about whether you are a diligent or a careless student. Did you recognize these personalities in your classroom? Do you think that we have covered all kinds of students behavior? Let us know!

Our country's obsession with beauty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Our country's obsession with beauty - Assignment Example The stereotypical bleached blond, silicone enhanced, toned bodied and presumably dim-witted â€Å"bimbette† gets the attention from both sexes. Men want them. Women want to be like them, especially young, impressionable females who still don’t fully appreciate the term â€Å"superficial.† The â€Å"Barbie Syndrome† is a symptom of a society that is focused on looks to the disadvantage of everyone. The idea that youthful looks consequentially translates to youthful desirability and energy is common and helps to further the concept of the body as object. Many studies regarding this phenomenon make a direct and dangerous connection of an appearance driven society with ever-increasing instances of eating disorders particularly among teenagers. It’s not only the media reinforcing image worship; teenagers follow the example of adults who are increasingly utilizing plastic surgery to improve physical features. Ultimately, it is society that decides what the idyllic human form should be and consequently it is the duty of the adults to decide to what degree, if any, physical attributes define an individual’s value. It is also society that responsible for ending the ridiculous, seemingly ingrained idea that the looks a woman was born with outweighs any accomplishments she has earned with hard work, and

The Gap (Gap Inc.), an international retailer company Essay

The Gap (Gap Inc.), an international retailer company - Essay Example Local Network with certain recommendations that may help other companies and organizations to achieve better compliance with the following important principles of the Global Compact: Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights (UN Global Compact 2011). Principle 2: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility (UN Global Compact 2011). We believe our experience designing and implementing numerous CSR programs can be considered reliable, because Gap Inc. owns more than 3,100 stores worldwide and employs more than 150,000 people from all over the world, all of which are actively engaged in the Gap’s efforts to support human rights and environmental protection (Wright 2007). Having tries many approaches to supporting human rights and protecting the environment, we have come up with several strategies that help us to be a sustainable and responsible company, whose operations benefit all of the stakeholders. Lessons Learnt Gap Inc. has been continuously devoting much time and attention to promoting human rights protection programs. In particular, we are promoting diversity in every sphere of our operations. â€Å"Diversity is the rich variety reflected in our work environment and marketplace – including ethnicity, race, gender, age, sexual orientation, faith, culture and global experiences†.... Human Rights Policy 2010). Nevertheless, we have had some negative experience. Workers of our supplier factory made claims of labor abuses and offensive attitudes from the side of their management (Smith, Ansett, and Erez 2011). For that reason we had to invest millions of dollars into making sure that employees of our supply chain were treated with respect and dignity (Amazeen, Michelle 2011). As for protecting the natural environment of our planet, we are members of Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy (BICEP) (Environment 2011). As the members of BICEP we take a great care of design and development policies, strategies and procedures related to protecting our world in terms of working with clean energy and approaching the climate change challenges (Environment – Public Policy 2011) At the same time, we have watched the negative experience of one of our suppliers, the mountain kingdom of Lesotho. In 2009 this company was reported to pour unused and toxic mat erials into local rivers (Smith, Ansett, and Erez 2011). This shows that the organization does not give much care to the environmental constraints facing the global society. Recommendations On the basis of both positive and negative lessons learnt from past experience, Gap Inc. would like to draw the attention of the Local Networks to the outlined below recommendations. We believe the presented here measures will significantly improve positions of companies both financially, though increased customer loyalty, and socially, through improved corporate image and identity. Develop a standardized set of guidelines for business and organizations to follow in order to

Comparison And Contrast Of The Importance Of Religion And Secularism Essay

Comparison And Contrast Of The Importance Of Religion And Secularism - Essay Example In the prince Machiavelli does not direct reference to religion or secularism because his view is the well being of the community and security. He does not give so much emphasis on morality in political actions. For him moral acts were just part of instrumental in achieving political expedience. So for him the social and political consequences f acts interested him more than th moral intent of any action. For Machiavelli in human nature all actions are bound to be either good or evil. Machiavelli feels that the violation of personal morality is not justified. But quickly points out the fact that the violations of the standards of personal morality can excused in ceases of public interest. The honors are thrown upon statesmen according to Machiavelli to know when to act in the interest of the common good. Machiavelli himself was a Christian though he had attacks on the church which was nearly directed at the clerics. These attacks can never be considered as anti religious but rather o n the scandalous live of popes and their political activities. His critic on religion was mostly on Christianity since it helped the some minority to achieve political expediency and the socially undesirable ends. This led him to call for the return an original creed. He promoted the idea of social pragmatics in religion than encourage secularism. According to Machiavelli Glory is rendered to acts that are cherished and remembered by mankind. In his view finding religion involves the founding of religion, establishing commonwealths, creating literature and through process of commanding armies as well. . John Locke’s views on religion tend to align to those of Machiavelli. In the simple respect that lock views religion as an individual decision and not one imposed by the common wealth or state. According to Lock religion should only be addressed in private sphere. This has to an impression that john lock in actual sense trivializes religion not seeing not seeing the importance of having it in the public. Especially when celebrating religious activities publicly. In the treatise of government makes a categorical attack on religion labeling those who disagree with him as not being part of the body of Christ (23). Lock further notes that the authority of the church merely comes from the priests and in his view does not come from God. He further notes that orthodoxy in religious belief and adherence comes from individual belief.   According to lock churches should not be involved in worldly maters and therefore it has no impact on what people do (32). Lock view on religion is that individual should find their own path and does not understand which path is the right to follow. This is in respect to the fact people follow different paths. He actually trivializes the Christian traditions by claiming that Christ mention that he is the way is not right. Since some people do not see that as right (36).Jons hn lock’s attack on Christian traditions include an attack on baptism and the holy communion. He mentions how the two traditions are in respect to individual discretion for example how others are allowed to take the Holy Communion while others are not allowed. Lock also mentions the different baptism to justify himself on individual discretion on the practices    lock presents himself as secular holding no traditional religious beliefs or practices. Quite different to Machiavelli who despite his philosophy does not parapet religious beliefs. He himself was raised and died as a Christian. This is quite different john lock who is secular in his views and perspectives. The

Strategic Business Plan Lexus Motors

Strategic Business Plan Lexus Motors This report is about the meaning and analysis of LEXUS in respect of strategic planning and implementation point of view. In this report I have deliberated about the history of LEXUS and their strategic marketing analysis in terms of its positioning besides its growth rate and market share in todays business environment. And main resolution of the report is to plan the implementation of the strategy. Moreover, we have discussed about the vision, mission, objectives and current marketing trends as well as the SWOT (mà ©tier, weaknesses, opportunities threats) analysis, external internal conservational scanning of the concern in respect of their participants and strategic formulation of the firmpolicyalso how we will going to tool these strategy and also give some recommendations that can help to grow their marketplace share in the upcoming competitive marketing environment. LEXUS competing the competitors maintaining strong relationship with patrons by taking under consideration its Macro PC environment very efficiently. In this report, we also make a thorough review, monitoring and control that how company studied and control the strategy of LEXUS., policies such as corporate strategies, business level and its real-worldpolicies, action program and economical protection of the business. 2 Back Ground The standard for examination was basically the criterion given to me by our teacher. Before commencing my project I have stay in the company. I had conducted few group meetings in which I meticulously discuss concepts and over view of my project. The Business that I would remain researching on was properly selected keeping in view the contact besidesaccessibility.It was basically research project owed to me by our awarding body Edexcel. The main theme of the project was to choose particular excising organization and constructs its organisationplan; develop vision, mission and objectives besides measures plain for the implementation of the strategy the research was led by by direct and projective techniques and animated research.This was basically a very good learning experience as I conducted proper field study, and this gave me a factual idea of the strategy formulation and implementation of the finished strategy that I might be hesitant upon throughout my professional life and for preliminary my profitable it s really realobliging for future. 3 METHODOLOGY My research project contains detail evocative research. It doesnt include any quantitative investigation its solely based upon qualitative data. which I calmfinishedright visiting to the organization besidesleadingmeetings .and myself also collect some financial information of the businessafterhereyearly financially record books. I also conduct information from different online resources. That is I showed the penalties qualitatively. E.g. how my company frames, appraise and control group for the appeal of the plan. 4 Vision, Mission and Objective 4.1VISION Statement To be the professional and innovative in Motor Industry in all around the World. 4.2 LEXUS MISSION STATEMENT Lexus is stanch to customer satisfaction through offering high quality with excellent services and good value of their price. We take great pride in aiding each other, our customers. We seek continuous improvement in all that we do for the benefit our stakeholder and the society we live within. To attract and retain customers with the highest worth products and services and the most satisfying tenure experience. 4.3 Statement of Values Lexus firmly stanch with a corporate philosophy that incorporates solid values. We encourage a culture of mutual respect and treat in cooperation our team members and users with quick facilitiesthenupkeep. We aim to be proactively responsive to new ideas only if variety of Motors as compare toward our competitors. 4.4 Objectives To Increase advertising by 70% by December 2011. Generate 70% brand awareness within the consumers target market by December 2011. To break even by the end of 2011 To increase in market share by December 2011. To earn a good reputation and create a good image of the company by reducing customers complaints by December 2011. To increase the sale of Lexus motors up to 3million by the end of 2014. 4.5 CORPORATE FINANCIAL OBJECTIVE To achieve return on sales 90% by JUNE 2011 and double it by JUNE 2012. To achieve cost to income ratio of 90% by May 2010 and reduce this ratio by 30% on a yearly bases. To capitalize the business by January 2012 To always maintain high sales of 100% by January 2012. 5 EXTERNAL INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING 5.1.1Political Analysis Since Lexus Motors operates in multiple countries across Europe and Asia, the Vital East, and Australia, it requirements to pay close care to the political climate Which are also laws then regulations in all the countries he operates in while also paying attention to regional leading bodies. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, andasset are reliant on the local government as well as how Successfulnativebazaarsthenthrifts will remain due toward regional, national and local influence. 5.1.2 Ecumenical Analysis Functional in numerous countries across the world, Lexus Motors occupations with a globalpecuniary perception while focusing on each individual market. Because Lexus is in a rapid growth period, expanding or forming a joint undertaking in over six countries world-wide since 2007, a worldwide approach enables Lexus Motors to adapt and learn from the other different regions within the complete automotive industry. They needability and resources from five continents across the globe, thus when any mutable changes in the marketplace they can gather information andfunds from all over the world to talk any issues. For instance, if the value of the aluminum required to make train blocks goes up cutting-edge Kenya, Lexus has the selection to get the aluminum from other suppliers in Asia who they would generally get meanwhile for production in Ukraine or China. 5.1.3 Social Analysis With out any confusion, the beliefs, opinions, and general boldness of all the stakeholders in an organizationwill touch how well a company does. This includes every stakeholder since the CEO and Premier, down tothe line workers who rivet the door panel into place, after the saver to the customer, the culture and attitude of all these people will eventually determine the future of a Organization and whetherthey will be lucrative or not. For this aim, Lexus Motors inclines to use anaddition and seldom separation technique by foreign companies theyobtain. In 2007, LexusEngines acquired fordmarketableVehicles Company, which was at the time Koreas second largest truckmaker. Slightly than using de-acculturation or integrating Daewoo, Lexusappropriated an integrated approach, and continued building besides marketingDaewoos current models as well as introducing a few new copies transnationallyunbiased as it had continual done below Korean organization. 5.1.4Technological Analysis Lexus Motor viewpointits parent company, the Lexus Group, are ahead of the game in the know-how field.The Organization growth is a deep empathetic of financial stimuli and customer needs, andthe ability to translate them into customer-desired aidsfinishedprincipal edge. Engaging 1,500 experts and concocts,LexusGas-poweredTraining and Development team is debauched of the pack inUK marketplace and right concluded the rest of the field globally. AmongLexus innovatorsbe located the first indigenously industrial Light CommercialVehicle.In all ancarbuilder must modificationfamiliarize andproduce to vacation competitive in the automotive eagerbesides this is exactly what Lexus is doing over their rapid development, thenextensive research and growth. 5.2 Industry Competitive Analysis 5.2.1 Threat of New Entrance For the current UK marketplace for Motor Industry, it is not difficult for a Motor Industry to enter the market. However, it would remain extremely difficult to take ended already running major Big Government dominancy in UK or even make a important amount of profit Ford holds the first-mover benefit into the Green Cars specialty Motor Industry that gives them free reputation. Customers, especially heavy lorry drivers who remain used to going to TTC as a treat or reward after their company are not going toward go to other company theyve not ever heard of. The makedesignation is before established also, there is nowa large variety in the numerous western-style trains is obtainablein UK, such as Rover,Ponto and Land Rover. 5.2.2 Threat of substitute products As printedoverhead, there are a few major contestants in the Motor Manufacturing in Uk for Lexus, namely Ford and Ponto. The substitute products, in this case, would be TerrestrialNomad. Though they standcompetitors, their chiefcropsvaryimportantly from each other, in that they vend, Magana, Old-styleUkchic Motors, These alternatesopinionabsolutelycautiousfit as compared to the Lexus. Smooth Motors from street sellerstotalby way of substitute Motors. 5.2.3 Threat of bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers, like the buyers, have very little bargaining power. In terms of Lexus , Fords upon its move into UK, advised many of its Indian. suppliers to also extend branches into Europe. Lexus also began helping local suppliers by giving them technological support to improve their products. This is a brilliant strategy because the provisions that Lexus would otherwise need to import after the U.S. can now standgotten domestically, and if the Indian. Suppliers decide to raise their prices;Lexus caneffortlessly switch to the nativedealers. This gives us a brilliant strategy. By this strategy, Lexus created competition among its suppliers, lowering the supplier bargaining power. In terms of human resources, toil cost is extremely low because the supply of non-skilled workers great exceeds the demand for them. With so slight buyer and supplier hagglingpanels, Lexus remains able toward have a real tight switch over its prices and expenses. 5.2.4 Threat of bargaining power of Buyers The customers of Lexus, especially as individual buyers, have almost no bargaining power because doubt only one client threatens to no longer Buy Lexus, the store is not going to lower its price because the cost of late one customer is not very great.If Lexus is not providing any Other deal or upsurge the standards then customer will automatically switch toward other contestants e.g. Ford, Peugeot,and Land rover, can control these things by giving them a variety of Creation and other deal at sensiblestandards in command to grab the market and to maintain stability 5.2.5 Rivalry among existing competitors More or less what one would expect, Lexus has little rivalry with similar Motors in India. The primary aim is that their essential products are different, as in they sell different types of Motors with very different tastes and styles. For example, if Lexus elevatedhis price for normal car by a small quantity, UK Motors lovers who may not be as accepting to any other motors In addition to that, these businesseshave such different target patrons that the fluctuation of price for one out let is not going to affect the others. For sample, a full range car at Lexus ranges about  £30,000, but a full range keep is onFords motors can cost over  £40,000. The drastic difference in price swears no price opposition between these motors. 5.3 Internal Environmental Analysis Strategy Structure Style Staff Skills Systems Shared value Lexus focusing the horizontal growth strategy in the Motors industry. Lexus has top to bottom and bottom to top style of structure as top level of management also take feedback from lower level of management, Lexus is following participative leadership style all decisions took place in General meetings on popular bases Lexus has skilled and skilled staff to work within. Lexus provide proper training to staff on to meet set standards. A special log in addition checked with in body of Health besides Safety. Lexus has detached production department based on very capable worker for making of Motors. Lexus conduct changed types of polls for the feedback from their costumers and manner different types of products for their imposts. Lexus uses Quality Organization Program Managing quality in a manufacturing occupational revolves everywhereconcernedclient expectations. Lexus aim is to be proactively sociable to new ideas individual if variety of Motors as compare to our entrant in order to s atisfy clients. 6 SWOT Analysis 6.1 Strength New speculation by Toyota for its Lexus brand in factories in the US and China saw 2007 profits rise, against the international motor industry trend. Remaining profits rose 0.8% to 1.17 trillion yen ($11bn;  £5.85bn), while sales were 7.4% higher at 18.55 trillion Dollars. In 2003 Toyota analyzed its contestants Ford into third advertisement, to become the Worlds second largest carmaker with 6.78 zillioncomponents. The business is still behind rivals Over-all Motors done 8.59 million units in the same period. 6.2Weakness Being big has its own problems. The World market for cars is in a state of saturate and so car creators need to make sure that it is their models that clients want. The company needs to preserve producing flatcars in order to keep in mind its prepared efficiency. Car plants symbolize a huge deal in expensive fixed costs, as well as the from top to toe costs of homework and recollecting labor. 6.3 Opportunities Lexus and Toyota now have a reputation for manufacturing environmentally friendly vehicles. Lexus has RX 400h hybrid, and Toyota has it Prius. Lexus is to target theurban youth marketplace. The company has launch its new Aygo, which is targeted by the sharp youth market and captures (or attempt to) the nature of dance plus DJ culture in a very viable section. 6.4 Threats Product recalls are always a problem for vehicle manufacturers. In 2005 the company had to recall 990,00 sports utility vehicles and accidental trucks due to faulty front delay systems. The company is also exposed to any force group in the price of raw wealth such as rubber, steel then fuel. The key economy in the appeasing, the US and Europe also gengo-slows. These financial factors are potential intimidations for Toyota. 7STRATEGYFORMULATIONS 7.1. Corporate level Strategies Lexus focal argument on Horizontal growth strategy, Lexus always make a decision to pursue new and additional customers and furthermore it chooses to search new technology. E.g. Green Cars is one of the mile nuggetsof this group. 7.2. Business level Strategies Lexus was able to greatly decrease lead-time and cost using the TPS, while humanizing quality at the same time as a Business level Strategy. This allowed it to become one of the ten largest companies in the world. Him is now as lucrative as all the additionalcarriagecorporations shared and became the main car manufacturer in 2008. 7.3. Functional/Departmental Strategies The Principles of Functional Approaches of the Lexus Way is aadministrationviewpoint used by the Lexus firm that includes the Lexus Production System. The main ideas are to base organisation decisions on a philosophical sense of purpose and think long term, to must a process for solving problems, to add value to the organization by emergent its people, then to recognize that continuous solving root problems drives organizational knowledge. 8. Critical Success Factor (7 S model) 8.1 Strategy Lexus is the world main and most well known Motor Production Company, per chain in more than 15 thousand locations and worldwide in 75 countries Lexus had refocused global strategies to grow up its lucrative and licence Motor base overall over the world. 8.2 Structure Trainee Managers help with day-to-day running of the restaurant, and need to ensure that all operations, customer service, cash handling, marketing, purchasing, human resources, supervision and training development policies are followed Responsible for working the service areas in addition ensuring quality product, service and hygiene is delivered to all customers by top speed too with a smile. 8.3 Style Lexus spotlight on participative leadership style. Each out let manager uses the style of interpersonal edge with their employees. Lexus management relationship-oriented have both touchingthenuseful elements. 8.4 Staff Lexus also give proper training to all of their employees to maintain standard of the business. Lexus worker revenue is low so all of their staff is loyal and shows obligation. Lexus and its grant employees are further than 700 thousand in all over the world. Lexusbe necessary fully expert and acquaintancesupervise to slog with. 8.5 Skills and Competencies Lexus centre on relational skills as well because they are dedicated to purchaserpleasure through influence high quality with excellent services and good value. Lexustoomaintain industrial skills by keep reviewing Continuous improvement process to provide good quality Standard motors to their customers. 8.6 Systems The quality, service, and spotlessness program for judging the quality of service outcomes from the standpoint of every customer. The operations provision review program for measuring a Quality process implementation performance against Lexus process condition. The results of these two classextentsequencers are incorporated addicted to the Officialdom. Lexus hires a dedicated interviewing service to survey customers on their impression of formationdelivery and quality. 8.7 Shared Values Lexus too focus on imaginative ideas by given that after sale facilities and have some special ability for the commercial customers. Lexus as an association permits are by convenient places e.g. nearby city centre, big spending malls, chiefsubstructures and native area. Brand evenhandedness is one of the key strength aimed at Lexus to spread its outlet all about the world. 9Implementations Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is the development of allocating resources to support the chosen strategy Objectives Department Action required Resources required Profit maximization. Promotion Large scale advertising activities Bill Board To get a good reputation and create a good image of the Lexus Feature control Supply product according to set standard require Best Stock for Manufacture 3. Stronger out lets all over Country Land survey team New land reform news keeping tab on the competing chains 4. Interactive Relationship Marketing Marketing Focus on Electronic way Building local public relations E Employee loyalty HR Keeping employee turnover low Commitment proper training 6. On time Delivery Transport More Vehicles needed  £ 50,000.00 10. Review, Monitoring and Control 10.1 Monitoring Policy Lexus habitsspecial techniquesin additionworth system for monitor all collect process and sales behavior. Lexus specially focus on to uphold quality and provide product according to set normal so they obligate quality specialists staff employed for monitor all managerial process behavior day to day bases. 10.2 Control Lexus has its own Data base to keep all the record of sales and clientele. Lexus control and share aggregated demographic with publicist and related all franchises. Lexus also use outside companys t beakoperators for if services. Lexus has good team who manages and keeps control off all effortssince they are the part of Lexus. Lexus all statistics and in order is copy right and highly secret to reservation its standard in the intimidatingforcefulmarketplace. 11 BUDGETS 11.1 Financial performance for the last 3 years (2008-2010) Actual and forecasted financial statement for the period ending 2010 2008( £000) 2009( £000) 2010( £000) Revenue 10000 17000 30000 Cost of Sales (5500) (5000) (6700) Gross profit 5500 7000 15400 Distribution costs (800) (1000) (1100) Administration expenses (1200) (1600) (1800) Net profit for the year 1200 6600 7700 Gross profit % 45% 60% 68% Net profit for the year % 18% 55% 55% 11.2 Actual balance Sheet as at 2008-10 and forecasted balance sheet 2008( £000) 2009( £000) 2010( £000) Non-current Asset Property, plant Equipment 6676 7500 7940 Current Assets Inventories 515 700 536 Receivables 291 500 280 Cash cash equivalent 645 500 692 Total current Assets 751 1200 2208 Total asset 7527 7200 8148 Equity and Reserves Issued share capital 2723 2535 1839 Share premium 6899 3600 5381 Revolution reserves (128) 1200 9025 Retained earnings 16 85 203 Total Equity Reserves 7727 5100 9148 11.3 Summary of financial budgets for the next 3 years Actual balance Sheet as at 2007-10 and forecasted balance sheet 2011-2013 2011( £000) 2012( £000) 2013( £000) Non-current Asset Property, plant Equipment 90000 10000 11000 Current Assets Inventories 4000 6000 6000 Receivables 11000 22000 70000 Cash cash Equivalents 12000 220000 10000 Total Assets 114000 144000 155000 Equity and Reserves Issued share capital 80600 95600 87350 Share premium 7500 7600 8600 Revolution reserves 6000 12200 25000 Retained earnings 12900 14400 25150 Total Equity Reserves 154000 130000 155000 G A N T T C H A R T Total Budget  £300 Million. Marketing Activities Time (when action) Responsibility 2010 2011 J F M A M J J A S O N D Advertisement à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Advertising Agency Sponsorship à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Marketing Asstt Sports Event Hosting à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Marketing Asstt Events New Car Launch à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Country Director Road Show à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Total  £ 12 Conclusion The GX 470 is one of the three SUVs offered by Lexus luxury nameplate, Lexus. The vehicle is placed in the middle of the smaller RX and the full-size LX in everything from size to price. It linked the Lexus line-up in 2010 and is currently in its first generation.AirConditioner. SomeLexus GX470s may mustglitches with the air conditioner system. Cutting-edge some cases (exact to the 2007 to 2010 model ages) the A/C may not cool sufficiently, requiring various parts to be marked for repairs. Some 2007 vehicles might need the expansion valve replaced as a consequence of breakingbeforereport noises after the hindmost air conditioner component.

Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita - The Shocking Lolita Essay examples -- Nabo

The Shocking Lolita      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vladimir Nabokov wrote Lolita not only to create controversy and shock the public, but also for money and fame. Nabokov wrote Lolita to get attention. This novel engages moral dilemmas that are sensitive to its readers. The sensitive subject matter created such a controversy that it perpetuated sales and made it a bestseller, and he knew that if he wrote a book shocking and personal enough he would become wealthy. The novel speaks as though it were a lived event which adds to the intensity of Humbert's actions and to the shock of the reader. The delivery and depth of his thoughts make one think this is a true story, and the effect can be that the reader finds the action even more appalling.    Simon Karlinsky once declared that the publication of Lolita in America and England signaled the final "collapse of the Victorian moralistic censorship that had persisted in Western countries till the end of the 1950's"(Iannone 54). Alternatively, Nabokov states, "Lolita has no moral in tow. For me a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall bluntly call aesthetic bliss, that is a sense of being somehow, somewhere, connected with other states of being where art (curiosity, tenderness, kindness, ecstacy) is the norm"(314). This statement is taken from the epilogue that he wrote after the novel to state his intentions. The work has no other meaning than to shock the reader. None. Why would Nabokov bother taking the time to write a three hundred page novel just for the sake of "aesthetic bliss"(314)? Although he dismisses it entirely, moral issues arise quickly in this novel. The first moral is that by the age of twelve, one American girl has already been "hop... .... With the new release Nabokov will get more of what he wanted. On the INTERNET if one searches for the key word "Lolita", the reader will find several thousand locations in which the word "Lolita" is synonymous with pornography. Whether or not this is how Nabokov wanted to be remembered, Lolita has its place on the INTERNET. Though we may never know what drove Nabokov to write Lolita, it is still a great novel though immoral.    Works Cited Boyd, Brian. "The Year of Lolita'." The New York Times Book Review 8 Sept. 1991: 1-33. Iannone, Carol. "From Lolita' to Piss Christ'." Commentary Vol. 89, n. 1, Jan. 1990: 52-54. "Lolita and the Critics." New Republic Vol. 139, 27 Oct. 1958: 3. Nabokov, Vladimir. The Annotated Lolita. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. Schuman, Samuel. Vladimir Nabokov, a Reference Guide. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979.   

Perception on the functionality of the school library Essay

Chapter I Background of the Study A school library is a library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public (state) or private (fee paying) school have access to a variety of resources. The goal of the school library is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access â€Å"to books and reading, to information, and to information technology. † A school library â€Å"uses all types of media are automated, and utilize the Internet for information gathering. † School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve as â€Å"learner-oriented laboratories which support, extend, and individualize the school’s curriculum. A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school. † Across the United States, research has shown that students in schools with good school libraries learn more, get better grades, and score higher on standardized test scores than their peers in schools without libraries. From Alaska to North Carolina, more than 60 studies have shown clear evidence of this connection between student achievement and the presence of school libraries with qualified school library media specialists. In the Philippines there is a severe lack of public libraries. Reading programs are not enough, by themselves alone, to achieve the overall and longer-term objective of making children fall in love with reading and become regular readers for life. Read-along are great in sparking a child’s initial interest in books and reading. But something more is needed to convert that initial interest into a real love of books and a lifetime reading habit. According to experts, children need at least two other things to actually adopt such a habit: (1) As much guidance, encouragement and example as they can get from their usual role models – their parents, teachers, and older siblings — and (2) regular access to books and other reading materials. As far as I know, some of the students of DCHS are using the library for past time and group chatting not for gathering information, references, and researching their homework’s. DCHS library has a low rate of students visited every day because they think reading books is so boring. I conducted this survey to motivate the students to visit the libraries and to improve their reading and writing skills, English language arts, fine arts and etc. This survey will help us to improve the library and improve the interest of the students. Statement of the problem The main purpose of this study was determined the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library. What is the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library? Is there a significant difference in the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library in terms of : section? gender? Null Hypothesis The following null hypothesis had been formulated using 0. 05 level of the significance for the present study: There is no significant difference in the perception on the functionality of the school library in terms of section and gender. Review of Related Literature A significant number of relevant literature and related studies have been compiled in this section by the researcher to provide some general basis of the design and conduct of the study. Bosah L. Eghoso conducted a survey that studied about the Perception of the library by secondary school students in enhancing success in their examinations. After the success of his survey, Bosah found a conclusion that both private and public schools relegated the library to the background in teaching and learning in recent times. Private schools proprietors do not see for expanding their finances in libraries especially when they can make their students pass their examinations through dubious methods. Dr. Zeynep Filiz, said that every two library meet the student’s information. He conducted a survey that studied about the service quality of university: A survey amongst student at Osmangazi University and Anadolu University. A total of 400 usable responses were received. About 70% of the respondents were men and 50% of responses were from Osmangazi University. About 75% of respondents had used the library more than six times, and 51% of respondents indicated they relied on the library staff when using the library. Moreover, about 35 of respondents said they intended to use the library in the future and recommended others to use the library. Sofi Zahoor Ahmad said that more than 89% rural and 90% urban schools claim existence of a library with no standard physical requirements and specifications, She condected a survey entitled A Survey of Senior Secondary School Libraries in Jammu and Kashmir India. This give her a conclusion that 89. 55% are housed in insufficiently spaced single rooms within the schools while 5. 47% are accommodated in principal offices where students always have inhibitions to go. However, a few schools 4. 97% possess separate library blocks, though these also lack the basics of a library design. No significant difference is revealed while assessing the rural-urban statistics relating to the library housing and location. Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose said that in Benin City, do not have a library period for the students, and as a result students can never be taught how to make use of the library. He conducted a survey entitled â€Å"A survey on the Present State of School Libraries in Benin City majority of the schools investigated†. School libraries in Imo State lack adequate accommodation, materials, and funds, as well as trained staff to manage the libraries in Imo state. These are similar to what is on ground in Benin City where unqualified staff manages the school libraries. Which revealed the various libraries’ staff strength, it can be deduced that all the libraries under investigation are understaffed; Human resources in libraries contribute to the standards of that particular library. This research revealed that all the schools visited are under stocked with library materials. A majority of the schools visited in Benin City have outdated books which are very dusty, where they existed. It is very unfortunate that most of our school libraries in Benin City are staffed by unqualified staff and non-librarians, which fall short of minimum standard of a school library. Emmanuel E. Baro said that only a few library schools offer the course information literacy as a stand-alone course in their curricula. His survey entitled â€Å"A survey of information literacy education in library schools in Africa†. Results from the study revealed that, presently, only a few library schools offer the course IL as a stand-alone course in their curricula. Many library schools have not yet incorporated â€Å"IL† as a stand-alone course in their LIS curricula; rather, it is briefly discussed as a topic in related courses. Although not all the library schools in Africa were examined due to language barrier, more than 60 library schools were investigated, among them 20 institutions were found offering IL courses or a related area. This studies the researcher compiled is related to the researchers’ studies, because it is about a survey of perception on different students towards school library. It is also about enhancing the school libraries to encourage students to visit. It is also to motivate students to make their assignment and gather information in the library because one of the most fundamental areas responsible for the dwindling educational standards and fortunes in our educational system is the area of the library education and library service utilization among students. Significance of the Study The results of this study are generally aimed at providing information and ideas that are fundamental to functioning successfully in today’s information and knowledge-based society. The result is deemed significant to the academic community but mostly valuable to these groups of people: 1. Administration. The proposed study helps the institution to be more aware of what the students need in a library to develop and improve students learning progress. It also helps the administration to improve the library in the way the student’s needs. 2. Teachers. The proposed study helps the teachers in preparing classroom curriculum or seeking professional development resources. It also helps the teachers in their research to improve their visual aids. 3. Parents. The proposed study helps the parents to have a small library at home to improve the basic needs of their child. 4. Students. The proposed study helps the student to have very good concentration in their study. It also helps the students know the lesson in advance by searching the book in the library. CHAPTER II METHOD This chapter presents the research design, research subject, sampling method, research instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of the data. Research Design Descriptive research is a research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. These studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information. May be used to reveal summary statistics by showing responses to all possible questionnaire items. It can provide leads in identifying needed changes and it may be used to explore relationships between two or more variables. In this research study, it intends to describe the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library through conducting this study and by having a survey on how useful a library is. In this study, the researcher will attempt to describe how students find the functionality of the school library behind the difference between the gender and section of the respondents. Research Subject This study gathered the percentage of students of the fourth year level of the Davao Central High School in relation with their perception on the functionality of the school library. The actual population of these students is seventy-five, due to a limited time and resources, by using the Slovin’s formula, the researcher would only take nineteen respondents from Confucius; twenty-four respondents from Mencius and twenty respondents from Lao Tzu to have a total of sixty-three respondents. Solution: n=N/-(1+Ne^2 ), where N(75) is the actual population, e is the percent error (5%) † =† â€Å"75† /-(â€Å"1+75† (? â€Å"0. 05† ? ^†2†³ ) ) =63 In table 1, it is indicated that the actual population of 75 (100%) is divided into two clusters which consists of 14 (19%) females and 9 (12%) males in Confucius; 16 (21%) females and 12 (16%) males in Mencius; 14 (19%) females and 10 (13%) males in Lao Tzu and a total of 44 (59%) females and 31 (41%) males. Using the Slovin’s formula, the number of samples decreased into 63 (100%) which now consists of 12 (19%) females and 7 (11%) males in Confucius; 14 (22%) females and 10(16%) males in Mencius; 12(19%) females and 8(13%) males in Lao Tzu and a total of 38 (60%) females and 25 (40%) males. Sampling Procedure In this research study, the researcher will use the systematic random sampling method. In systematic random sampling method, the researcher will conduct a survey through selecting sample members from the population according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval. Typically, every ninth member is selected from the total population for inclusion in the sample population. The researcher chose this since that based in the researcher’s estimation, there are sixty percent in the fourth year level students are using the library every day. Thus, the researcher comes up with an idea on using the systematic random sampling method in conducting this research study. The researchers wrote all the names of the fourth year students in a paper and arranged by section. The researchers selected a number that he/she likes; and lastly the researcher selected the respondents every â€Å"ninth† of the names until he gets 63 respondents. Table 1. Distribution of Respondents Section ClustersPopulationSample Number NPercent (%)Number nPercent (%) ConfuciusFemale1461%1261% Male939%739% Total2331%1931% MenciusFemale 1657%1457% Male1243%1043% Total2837%2437%. Lao TzuFemale1458%1258% Male1042%842% Total2432%2032% OverallFemale4459%3859% Male3141%2541% Total75100%63100% Research Instrument The research instrument consisted of fifteen-item questionnaires that are divided into two categories (students and library) on whether the library is functional to the fourth yr. students. The respondents will respond to a five-point scale ranging from very positive, positive, fair, negative and very negative. Items on the questionnaire were drawn from literature on the normal reasons for answering the question on what is the perception on the functionality of the school library. The proposed survey questionnaire is self-constructed. In order to interpret the response of the research subjects, Table 2 will be used as basis. Table 2. Quality Index Mean ScoreQualitative Description 4. 20 – 5. 00Very Positive 3. 40 – 4. 19Positive 2. 60 – 3. 39Fair 1. 80 – 2. 59 Negative 1. 00 – 1. 79Very Negative Data Gathering Procedure This research survey had been conducted by the use of systematic random sampling method. Through this, the first 65 students in the fourth year level will serve as the respondents for this research survey. The procedure of conducting this research survey is as follows: The researchers distributed the survey questionnaire to the 63 students that has been randomly selected and ask to answer the survey. After the student had answered the questionnaire, the researchers gathered the entire survey questionnaire and thanking the students who had answered the following survey questionnaire. Statistical Treatment In this survey, the researcher used the following statistical tool to analyze the gathered data of this study: Mean. By using the mean, the researcher had been able to get the average of students’ sample population which is using the school library. Since, that the respondents are divided into two clusters, the researcher also get the average percentage of every male and female respondents of this survey. Standard Deviation. In standard deviation, it showed how much variation exists from the average mean. In short, this measured the confidence of the respondents in statistical conclusions. t-test. The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to compare the means of two groups. Through the use of t-test, the researcher had been able to distinguish the difference on the perception on the functionality of the students on the school library in terms of their gender and section. Chapter III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter presents the data obtained through the survey conducted, and the analysis of the data using the appropriate statistical treatment and the interpretation of the results obtained. Problem No. 1 What is the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library? Table 3 Perception of the Students on the Functionality of the School Library by Gender GenderMeanStandard DeviationQualitative Description Male2. 950. 39Fair Female2. 960. 52Fair Overall2. 960. 46Fair Table 3 summarizes the perception of the fourth year students on the functionality of the school library when classified according to gender. The data shows that the mean of male students is 2. 95 with a standard deviation of 0. 39 which is interpreted as fair. Moreover, the female students obtained a mean of 2. 96 with a standard deviation of 0. 52 that can  be interpreted as fair. Comparatively, it can be generalized that 4th year females are more aware of the functionality of the school library than 4th year boys. The table explains that the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library has an overall mean of 2. 96 in terms of gender that can also be interpreted as fair. The female students of all 4th year are aware of the functionality of the school library than the male, because the female students obtained a mean of 2. 96 and a 0. 52 standard deviation that can also be interpreted as fair. Table 4  Perception of the Students on the Functionality of the School Library by Section SectionMeanStandard DeviationQualitative Description Confucius2. 910. 46Fair Mencius2. 990. 45Fair Lao Tzu2. 970. 49Fair Overall2. 960. 46Fair Table 4 presents the perception of fourth year students on the functionality of the school library when categorized according to section. The data shows that the mean of Confucius students is 2. 91 with a standard deviation of 0. 46 which is interpreted as fair. Furthermore, Mencius students obtained a mean of 2. 99 with a standard deviation of 0. 45 that is interpreted fair. The mean of Lao Tzu is 2. 97 with a standard deviation of 0. 49 that is interpreted as fair. It can be generalized from the data that the Mencius students are more aware of the functionality school library than the other two sections. As a whole, the mean of all the 4th year students who were chosen as the respondents for this study is 2. 96 with a standard deviation of 0. 46 which indicates that the overall level of usage of the school library is fair. The table explains that the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library has an overall mean of 2. 96 in terms of section that can also be interpreted as fair. The 4th year Mencius students are more aware of the functionality of the school library than the two other 4th year sections because the 4th year Confucius students obtained a mean of 2. 91 and a 0. 46 standard deviation that can also be interpreted as fair. The 4th year Lao Tzu students obtained a mean of 2. 97 and a 0. 49 standard deviation that can also be interpreted as fair. Problem 2. Is there a significant difference in the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library in terms of gender and section? Table 5 Gender and Perception of the Students GenderMeanMean DifferenceComputed t-valueTabular t-valueDecisionConclusion Male2. 95-0. 01-0. 011. 99Accept NullThere is no significant difference Female2. 96 Table 5 shows the results of the t-test between the level of awareness of the parents and their gender. As presented on the table, the mean difference of the male and female respondents is -0. 01. Since the computed t-value of -0. 01 is lesser than the tabular value of 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significance with 61 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the students of the functionality on the school library in terms of their gender. The table explains that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the students of the functionality on the school library in terms of their gender because of the mean of the males is lesser than the mean of the females it also apply on the computed t-value and tabular t-value. The data shows that the mean of 4th year male students are 2. 95 while the 4th year female students are 2. 96 with a mean difference of -0. 01, a computed t-value of -0. 01, and a tabular table of 1. 99. Table 6 Section and Perception of the Students SectionMeanMean DifferenceComputed t-valueTabular t-valueDecisionConclusion Confucius2. 91-0. 08-0. 112. 02Accept NullThere is no significant difference Mencius2. 99 Confucius2. 91-0. 06-0. 082. 03Accept NullThere is no significant difference Lao Tzu2. 97 Mencius2. 990. 020. 032. 02Accept NullThere is no significant difference Lao Tzu2. 97 Table 6 shows the results of the t-test between the perceptions of the respondents and their section. As presented on the table, the mean difference of the Confucius and Mencius respondents is -0. 08. Since the computed t-value of -0. 11 is lesser than the tabular value of 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significance with 41 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of Confucius and Mencius students on the functionality of the school library. . On the other hand, the mean difference of the Confucius and Lao Tzu respondents is -0. 06. Since the computed t-value of -0. 08 is less than the tabular value of 2. 03 at 0. 05 level of significance with 37 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of Confucius and Lao Tzu students on the functionality of the school library. Moreover, the mean difference of the Mencius and Lao Tzu respondents is 0. 02. Since the computed t-value of 0. 03 is less than the tabular value of 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significance with 42 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of Mencius and Lao Tzu students on the functionality of the school library. As a whole, it can be generalized that the perceptions of the 4th year students are aware of the functionality of the school library. Chapter IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary The study is about the functionality of the school library based on the students’ perception. The respondents in the study are the selected 4th year student of Davao Central High School. The method used in this study is the systematic random sampling wherein the researcher would pick out members from population according to the random starting point. The researchers choose this kind of sampling due to the researchers’ estimation that there will be about sixty percent of 4th year student who are using the school’s library every day. Thus, the researchers will be writing all the names of the students in a paper then he/she will pick a number that the researcher likes and lastly the researcher selects the respondents every â€Å"ninth† of the names until the researcher will get 63 respondents. Conclusion After the careful analysis of the data gathered, the researchers reached the following conclusions: 1. The level of perception on the functionality of the school library is fair. Female is more aware of the functionality of the school library than male. Section Mencius has the highest mean followed by section Lao Tzu and section Confucius. 2. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the students on the functionality of the school library in terms of their gender. Recommendation The administration should improve the library in the way the students’ needs. The teachers should give the students an assignments or projects that can be found able at the library. The parents should have their own mini-library at hone to improve the basic needs of their child. The researchers would like to recommend to the future researchers to do some related studies about the school libraries. The researchers would like to propose some that they could also conduct a study about the usefulness of the diff. facilities, and the completeness of the references of the library.

Movie Monsters essays

Movie Monsters essays The cinematic flop, Spiders, has many fictitious attributes about its main character the tarantula. I found that the movies greatest mistake was keeping the spider proportional to its weight. Hollywood seems to be perpetually failing when they create their movie monsters, and succeeded to fail with this movie also. Throughout the movie the tarantula becomes greater and greater in size. Starting out, the spider was consistent with the size found in nature. Each time a new spider was conceived it was many times larger then the last. The second spider was the size of a basket ball and showed the first symptoms of having to large of a body to support with the size of legs it had. After a few more generations the spider was the size of a house. The legs of the tarantulas legs were nowhere near the size needed to support its weight. The next problem our Hollywood creators failed to take into account is its sense organs. More noticeably towards the automobile sized generations, or the house sized generations eyes were incorrect. Both generations eyes were too large for sight purposes. As humans grow from baby to adults their eyes dont stay proportional to the bodys growth. The same law should be taken into account when building the monsters. Instead of eyes the size of basketballs and beach balls, they should be around the size of golf balls or racquetballs. The most entertaining mistake that the creator made was the way the spider moved. The first thing that caught my eye was an early generation spider that was roughly the size of a basket ball running across a pain of glass. In true life the surface of glass is to smooth for a spider its size to walk on. Later in the movie I witnessed the last generation of the spiders crawling on the side of a glass building. Given the size and weight of the spider, it would have no chance to grip the glass, and better yet the glass...

Foods Role in the Evolution of the Human Jaw

Foods Role in the Evolution of the Human Jaw You may have heard the old adage that you should chew your food, especially meat, at least 32 times before you try to swallow it. While that may be overkill for some types of soft food like ice cream or even bread, chewing, or lack thereof, may have actually contributed to the reasons human jaws became smaller and why we now have smaller numbers of teeth in those jaws. What Caused the Decrease in Size of the Human Jaw? Researchers at Harvard University in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology now believe that the decrease in size of the human jaw was, in part, directed by the fact that human ancestors began to â€Å"process† their foods before they ate them. This does not mean adding artificial colors or flavors or the type of processing of food we think of today, but rather mechanical changes to the food such as cutting meat into smaller pieces or mashing fruits, vegetables, and grains into bite sized, small jaw friendly amounts. Without the large pieces of food that needed to be chewed more times to get them to pieces that could be swallowed safely, the human ancestors’ jaws did not have to be so large. Fewer teeth are needed in modern humans compared to their predecessors. For instance, wisdom teeth are now considered vestigial structures in humans when they were necessary in many of the human ancestors. Since jaw size has considerably gotten smaller throughout the evolution of humans, there is not enough room in some people’s jaws to comfortably fit the extra set of molars. Wisdom teeth were necessary when humans’ jaws were bigger and the food needed more chewing to be fully processed before being able to be swallowed safely. The Evolution of Human Teeth Not only did the human jaw shrink in size, so did the size of our individual teeth. While our molars and even bicuspids or pre-molars are still larger and flatter than our incisors and canine teeth, they are much smaller than the molars of our ancient ancestors. Before, they were the surface upon which grains and vegetables were ground into processed pieces that could be swallowed. Once the early humans figured out how to use various food preparation tools, the processing of the food happened outside of the mouth. Instead of needing large, flat surfaces of teeth, they could use tools to mash these types of foods on tables or other surfaces. Communication and Speech While the size of the jaw and the teeth were important milestones in the evolution of humans, it created more of a change in habits besides just how many times food was chewed before swallowed. Researchers believe the smaller teeth and jaws led to changes in communication and speech patterns, may have something to do with how our body processed changes in heat, and could even have affected the evolution of the human brain in areas that controlled these other traits. The actual experiment performed at Harvard University used 34 people in different experimental groups. One set of groups dined on vegetables early humans would have had access to, while another group got to chew on some goat meat- a type of meat that would have been plentiful and easy for those early humans to hunt and eat. The first round of the experiment involved the participants chewing completely unprocessed and uncooked foods. How much force was used with each bite was measured and the participants spit back out the fully chewed meal to see how well it was processed. The next round â€Å"processed† the foods the participants would chew. This time, the food was mashed or ground up using tools the human ancestors may have been able to find or make for food preparation purposes. Finally, another round of experiments were performed by slicing and cooking the foods. The results showed that the study participants used less energy and were able to eat the processed foods much more easily than those that were left â€Å"as is† and unprocessed. Natural Selection Once these tools and food preparation methods were widespread throughout the population, natural selection found that a larger jaw with more teeth and oversized jaw muscles were unnecessary. Individuals with smaller jaws, fewer teeth, and smaller jaw muscles became more common in the population. With the energy and time saved from chewing, hunting became more prevalent and more meat was incorporated into the diet. This was important for early humans because animal meat has more calories available, so more energy was then able to be used for life functions. This study found the more processed the food, the easier it was for the participants to eat. Could this be why the mega-processed food we find today on our supermarket shelves are often high in caloric value? The ease of eating processed foods is often cited as a reason for the obesity epidemic. Perhaps our ancestors who were trying to survive by using less energy for more calories have contributed to the state of modern human sizes.

International Politics Current Event Memo Article

International Politics Current Event Memo - Article Example It was confirmed that the policies used by China were violating the set global trade rules. Particularly, it was confirmed that the export rules applied by China on the rare-earth metals were not consistent with China’s obligation in the WTO. In defense, China stated that the rules were in place as a measure to safeguard the environment, but the WTO said that those reasons were not enough to limit exports. The WTO ruling covered seventeen rare-earth metals that are used in making of electronic products. According to the authors, the decision is likely to see a reduction in rare-earth metals prices. The authors note that the Obama leadership is keen on stepping up such trade cases against countries such as Russia, China and India. This is in an attempt to stop such countries from violating WTO rules. The main actors covered in the article are China, the United States and the World Trade Organization. On one hand, China’s interest is to limit the export of rare-earth metals to other countries. According to Chinese officials, such restrictions are important in helping conserve the environment. On the other hand, the WTO and the United States are keen on ensuring that China does not put policies in place that violate the WTO rules and limit international trade. For the WTO, this is an attempt to create a level-playing field in which all countries operate on fair policies that do not negatively affect other member countries. As noted in the article, the US is interested in following such cases in order to enhance fair trade policies. This is of benefit to the US economy. For example, it is noted in the article that the steelmakers in the United States welcomed the decision taken by the WTO since some of these rare-earth metals such as tungsten are used in the steel industry. The institutions relevant to the article include World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Beer licenses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beer licenses - Essay Example Any alcoholic beverages that exceed a five percent alcoholic content are not regulated by the cities or counties but instead are regulated by the Tennessee Alcoholic Beverage Commission. Any business that is involved in the distribution, manufacturing, sale or storage of beer are required to obtain permits from the city or county where the business is to be located. When building a business of this kind, my client has become aware of the necessary steps it takes to acquire such licenses that are needed in order to follow all of the rules and regulations to build a thriving business. In order to do so, it was necessary to research the laws in Davidson County to see what types of licenses or standards that my client must meet in order to sell beer in this establishment. Through research, I have found the licenses that are appropriate in order for my client to be able to sell beer to the public in Davidson County, Tennessee. One group that was able to help assist my client in learning more about obtaining a beer permit for selling alcohol on their premise is the Metropolitan Beer Board that actually helps to establish beer laws and determine rules and regulations for selling beer in the Nashville Metro area. Since this is not a dance hall or catering establishment, there are different applications that are to be filled out. One of the necessary documents is the Beer Permit Application. The Beer Permit Application is to be completed by my client in order to seek a permit to serve alcohol on the premises only or for off-premises only. The information required as set by the Beer Permit Application is the type of business that my client is running and it is up to the Beer Board staff of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee to determine whether or not the application will be approved. The Beer Board Application is a permit is designed for those who